Psychoanalysis

All occurrences

Where it appears in the corpus (393)

1. #01

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.3

   AGAINST UNDERSTANDING, VOLUME 1

   Theoretical move: Fink argues that the analytic emphasis on understanding is a function of the Imaginary that reduces otherness to sameness, and that genuine psychoanalytic change requires bypassing conscious knowledge in favour of ongoing access to the Unconscious through speech—positioning understanding as an obstacle rather than a vehicle of cure.

   Running counter to the received view in virtually all of contemporary psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, Bruce Fink argues that the current obsession with understanding…is excessive insofar as the most essential aim of psychoanalytic treatment is change

2. #02

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

   <span id="page-10-0"></span>[PREFACE](#page-7-0)

   Theoretical move: The passage argues that psychoanalytic practice requires navigating between premature understanding and total incomprehension, and that this same dialectic applies to analysands who must accept partial, provisional formulations rather than seeking definitive answers—a position grounded in the overdetermined, fractal nature of human experience.

   Psychoanalysis is a field in which we can afford neither to understand nor not to.

3. #03

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.14

   **What Is Understanding Good For?**

   Theoretical move: Fink argues that understanding per se has no curative value in psychoanalysis; felicitous analytic effects operate independently of (and often against) intellectual understanding, producing change through a different order of satisfaction.

   daily psychoanalytic practice in a Lacanian key provides myriad examples of such providential effects, effects that lead the analysand to feel 'happy to be alive'

4. #04

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.15

   **Collection**

   Theoretical move: This passage is a non-substantive editorial preface in which Bruce Fink describes the scope, methodology, and publication history of the collected papers, with only a passing invocation of Feyerabend/Kuhn-inflected skepticism toward scientific method as a framing gesture.

   I continue to feel that students of psychoanalysis learn the most about the theory when it is seen in the context of practice

5. #05

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.23

   [Why Understanding Should Not Be Viewed as an](#page-7-0) Essential Aim of Psychoanalytic Treatment

   Theoretical move: Fink argues that the primary aim of Lacanian psychoanalysis is not understanding or ego-observation but radical transformation achieved by bringing repressed material to speech before another person, demonstrated through a clinical vignette in which a fantasy dissolves after childhood material is articulated for the first time.

   The primary goal of psychoanalysis with neurotics is not understanding but change.

6. #06

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.85

   <span id="page-83-0"></span>[A BRIEF READER'S GUIDE](#page-7-0) TO "VARIATIONS ON THE STANDARD TREATMENT"

   Theoretical move: Fink argues that Lacan's teaching is not simply a "return to Freud" but a dialectical going-beyond that constitutes a third paradigm in response to both ego psychology and object relations theory, with the sharpness of the neurosis/psychosis clinical distinction serving as a key differentiator between Lacanian and object-relations approaches.

   I hope to show how these papers shed light on the analytic trends that currently dominate psychoanalytic thinking.

7. #07

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.87

   **Section I**

   Theoretical move: Fink argues that Lacan's "Variations on the Standard Treatment" performs a double theoretical move: first, exposing the pleonastic and normative logic concealed in the very title assigned to him, and second, insisting that a rigorous psychoanalytic treatment must be grounded in theory (as Freud's technique papers demonstrate) rather than in institutional practical formalism — a 'that's the way it's done' that serves career advancement rather than analytic truth.

   rather than formulating exactly why one should conduct the treatment in a specific way, justifying this conduct in terms of psychoanalytic theory, as Freud does in his papers on technique, analysts of Lacan's time were simply claiming that one should conduct the treatment in way x because that's the way it's done

8. #08

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

   *A Bat Question*

   Theoretical move: Fink uses Lacan's critique of psychoanalysis's "extraterritoriality" to expose the contradictory epistemological positioning analysts adopt—claiming scientific legitimacy when convenient while refusing scientific accountability—arguing that this bat-like dual membership is intellectually untenable and that analysts must take a clearer stance on psychoanalysis's relationship to science.

   psychoanalysis is neither a science like the other sciences, nor simply an art, but is, when it is convenient, able to be friendly with both.

9. #09

   Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

   **Section II**

   Theoretical move: Lacan's critique of ego-psychological training norms exposes how appeals to the analyst's innate "gifts" and inarticulate transmission undermine psychoanalysis' scientific status and reduce a theory of technique to a standardization of analyst personality, thereby making the discipline incommunicable.

   to suggest that analysts must have certain innate gifts, and that analytic technique can only be passed on through some inarticulable communing in the gifted analyst's presence, is to immediately impugn psychoanalysis' even potentially scientific status.

10. #10

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.126

    **For Whom Doth the Translator Toil?**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that the quality and intended audience of a translation are inseparable theoretical-clinical problems: early English translations of Lacan failed to reach clinicians not merely through stylistic inadequacy but through ignorance of the Freudian and broader intellectual context Lacan presupposes, and his own translation practice is explicitly oriented toward producing a clinically usable Lacan rather than a literary-academic one.

    not good enough to allow Lacan to create a new audience of intellectually minded psychoanalysts in the English-speaking world as he had in France

11. #11

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.139

    ON TRANSLATING *ÉCRITS*

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that Lacan's project was to form a new type of psychoanalyst — a well-read humanist rather than a medical technician — and that this aspiration is embedded in the very texture of his erudite, allusion-laden writing, with practical implications for the work of translation.

    Lacan wants to create a new brand of psychoanalyst, so to speak, different from those he saw in his own day, who tended to be a part of the medical technocracy.

12. #12

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.146

    **In the following example, your new translation actually brought confusion to a part of the text I felt I understood. Please comment on your choice:**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that Lacan's use of financial and legal metaphors (here, *l'indice d'amortissement* as 'amortization rate') is theoretically load-bearing and should be preserved in translation rather than smoothed into generic paraphrase, because the economic register itself carries meaning about the cost and temporality of social passion.

    the balance arm of the psychoanalytic scales—when we calculate the angle of its threat to entire communities

13. #13

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

    **Theoretical and Research Basis**

    Theoretical move: This passage situates a clinical case within a Lacanian psychoanalytic framework, foregrounding the ethical stance of non-moralism toward perversion and the practical innovation of telephone-conducted analysis.

    grows out of a contemporary psychoanalytic framework based on the approach to long-term treatment outlined by Jacques Lacan

14. #14

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

    **Treatment Implications of the Case**

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that masochistic trends and associated life difficulties can be substantially resolved through long-term psychoanalytic treatment, on the condition that the analyst has worked through their own countertransference around sexuality via personal analysis, leaving the analysand's sexual orientation undetermined.

    full recovery from many life-difficulties such as depression, suicidality, self-destructive behavior, timidity, and self-effacement is possible through long-term psychoanalytic treatment

15. #15

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.235

    *Bruce Fink interviewed by Izabela Michalska*

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that psychoanalytic concepts are clinically grounded and cannot be straightforwardly universalized as cultural hermeneutics; simultaneously, he explains the Lacanian analytic position as one of strategic unknowing that mobilizes the Subject Supposed to Know structure to return unconscious knowledge to the patient.

    I'm very suspicious, myself, of taking concepts that were developed in the clinical setting for transformative psychotherapeutic work and trying to apply them everywhere else.

16. #16

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.237

    **You differentiate three diagnoses: neurosis, psychosis, and perversion. In which case does Lacanian psychoanalysis work best?**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis, unlike mainstream US therapy, differentiates clinical structures and tailors technique accordingly, making differential diagnosis (neurosis, psychosis, perversion) a practical ethical necessity rather than a merely theoretical concern.

    I think everyone, regardless of diagnosis, can benefit from Lacanian psychoanalysis.

17. #17

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.246

    *Bruce Fink interviewed by Miles Smit*

    Theoretical move: This interview passage is primarily biographical and contextual, covering Bruce Fink's intellectual formation, the clinical-theoretical dialectic in Lacanian practice, and the reception of Lacan in Anglo-American contexts; its main theoretical gesture is the contrast between Ego Psychology and Lacanian subjectivity, and the pragmatic/clinical stakes of translation and reception.

    A theory that is divorced from its practice can't expect to have a long life expectancy.

18. #18

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

    **Would you agree that many of Freud's ideas have in¿ ltrated everyday consciousness to such an extent that they have become touchstones for our larger society, apart from their constructive role in a clinical setting?**

    Theoretical move: The vulgarization of Freud's concepts (especially wish-fulfillment and the unconscious) through empirical psychology drains them of theoretical content, while Lacan's deliberate difficulty functions as a defense against the same reductive assimilation.

    There has been a spreading of Freudianism through dilution and simplification, which saps the power Freud's discourse originally had.

19. #19

    Against Understanding, Volume 1: Commentary and Critique in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.238

    **What would she do otherwise?**

    Theoretical move: When psychoanalytic or Lacanian language becomes culturally assimilated, it ceases to function analytically and instead becomes a form of resistance — a barrier to the individual subject's self-discovery — so that theoretical literacy in the analysand can paradoxically obstruct rather than advance the work of analysis.

    Analysis is expensive and it takes years. Most people don't want to do that kind of work or make that kind of commitment: they want a fast and easy solution

20. #20

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

    AGAINST UNDERSTANDING, VOLUME 2 > <span id="page-10-0"></span>[PREFACE](#page-7-0)

    Theoretical move: The preface argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis is inadequately represented in English-language literature as mere theory, and positions this collection as remedying that gap by foregrounding clinical practice alongside theoretical exposition.

    Lacanian psychoanalysis is usually presented as little more than a theory by most authors in the English-speaking world.

21. #21

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.38

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS?

    Theoretical move: This passage is a non-substantive prefatory framing in which Fink situates his own Lacanian perspective against other psychoanalytic traditions (ego psychology, object relations, Kleinian, relational, intersubjective), acknowledging the limits of cross-school expertise before proceeding to comparative analysis of technique.

    I will thus be attempting here to contrast my own particular Lacanian perspective with what I have grasped of literature by authors associated with the ego psychology, object relations, Kleinian, relational, interpersonal, and intersubjective perspectives.

22. #22

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.47

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > **Interpretation Aims at Transforming the Analysand's Subjective Position**

    Theoretical move: Lacanian interpretation does not aim at making the unconscious conscious or providing meaning, but at shaking up the analysand's subjective position by targeting the specific forms of jouissance—correlated with the Real—that structure their fundamental stance in life, as illustrated through detailed clinical vignettes showing how propinquity of topics in a session reveals the hidden connections underpinning that position.

    From a Lacanian perspective, interpretation (as employed with neurotics, as opposed to psychotics) aims not at providing meaning—as is the case in many other contemporary forms of psychoanalysis

23. #23

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.91

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > **The Title of the Seminar**

    Theoretical move: Fink analyzes Lacan's seminar title *D'un discours qui ne serait pas du semblant* to show that Lacan's insistence that the discourse in question is not his own is a theoretical move asserting that psychoanalytic discourse is a structured, impersonal formation independent of the analyst's personality — a rejection of psychobiography as a basis for theory.

    he thinks that it is ridiculous to try to draw psychoanalytic theory out of Freud's life history and so-called personality

24. #24

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.175

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > <span id="page-169-0"></span>[Talk given upon receipt of a prize for translating](#page-8-0) *Écrits* > THE TASK OF TRANSLATION

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that the quality and accountability of psychoanalytic translation has direct clinical consequences, and that Lacanian psychoanalysis—by preserving the unconscious as "another scene"—offers a genuine counterweight to the biologism and adaptation-oriented therapies that dominate contemporary American mental health practice.

    Lacanian psychoanalysis can be a serious counterweight to the biologism endemic to the majority of contemporary approaches to mental health problems.

25. #25

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.261

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > **How did you end up becoming a psychologist and analyst? What led you to Lacan?**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that genuine psychoanalysis must refuse empirical outcome-study demands because such compliance would implicitly endorse the Discourse of the Master in its current capitalist form, which reduces the irreducibly subjective, unconscious, and temporally unquantifiable process of psychoanalysis to measurable consumer satisfaction.

    I would suggest that psychoanalysis—genuine psychoanalysis—can survive only by refusing to engage in such research.

26. #26

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > **Can you imagine an outcome study that could more fully capture the complexity of the psychoanalytic process?**

    Theoretical move: The passage explains the Lacanian "pass" procedure as an institutionalized feedback mechanism that triangulates between analysands' self-reports, peer transmission, and committee assessment, allowing an institute to measure the gap between its theoretical model of psychoanalytic practice and its actual clinical results.

    It is a sort of feedback loop that allows specific institutes to grapple with the possible hiatus between their theory of psychoanalytic practice and what they are actually able to achieve with patients on the couch.

27. #27

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.263

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > **What do you believe is behind the growing emphasis on and demand for such outcome studies?**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis is structurally incompatible with insurance-driven outcome-focused therapy, and defends Lacan's late concept of "identification with the symptom" as a non-reductive, transformative endpoint of analysis that exceeds mere symptom elimination.

    psychoanalysis and insurance are a bit like oil and water—they don't mix.

28. #28

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.273

    <span id="page-36-0"></span>[WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT](#page-7-0) LACAN'S APPROACH TO PSYCHOANALYSIS? > <span id="page-271-0"></span>[VIOLENCE IN PSYCHOANALYSIS](#page-8-0) > VIOLENCE IN PSYCHOANALYSIS

    Theoretical move: This chunk is primarily non-substantive: it consists of a brief concluding argument about Freud's shift to psychical reality (contrasted with contemporary cognitive-behavioral regression to pre-Freudian realism), a transitional note redirecting to a translation talk, and a bibliography/references section spanning pages 275–279.

    Whereas Freud shifted in the 1890s from an emphasis on the patient's supposed 'real world context'… to an emphasis on the patient's psychical reality, contemporary analysts have reverted to the naive belief that they themselves see reality more clearly than their patients do

29. #29

    Against Understanding, Volume 2: Cases and Commentary in a Lacanian Key · Bruce Fink · p.18

    AGAINST UNDERSTANDING, VOLUME 2 > **Do We Need to Know Why Talking Works as Long as It Does?**

    Theoretical move: Fink argues that, given the current cultural-clinical conjuncture dominated by neurobiological reductionism and detachment-oriented meditation practices, psychoanalysts and psychotherapists would do better to defend the brute fact that talking works rather than expending energy on internecine theoretical disputes about why it works.

    certain forms of meditation (perhaps not all) seem to promote a kind of disengagement that merely perpetuates the kind of isolation that is already all too prevalent in our times

30. #30

    Marxist Film Theory and Fight Club · Anna Kornbluh · p.119

    <span id="page-6-0"></span>**[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS](#page-5-0)** > <span id="page-111-0"></span>[Marxist Film Theory](#page-5-2) and [Fight Club](#page-5-2)

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that *Fight Club* comprehensively mediates the contradictory capitalist mode of production and performs a Marxist theoretical practice of its own, revealing that cinematic form—not merely plot content—is the primary site through which ideological and political contradictions are worked through, and that transformation of the mode of production necessarily entails transformation of the medium itself.

    the psychic integrity of critics of capitalism in ways that have been interpreted as ultimately constituting a conservative political ideology

31. #31

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **THE LOBSTER AND THE LITTLE GIRL: HOW TO DO THINGS WITH DREAMS, THANKS TO FREUD**

    Theoretical move: The passage proposes that children's dreams provide a less-mediated window into the developing unconscious and argues against Freud's dismissal of their analytic value, framing the project as a "poetics of terror" that will extend dream interpretation by piercing the irreducible residue Freud called the dream's navel.

    Just as an expert knife thrower who is blindfolded can still hit her target safely, so too, we aim to pierce the obscure tangle of the dream navel, provided our expertise and luck hold out.

32. #32

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **BURNING FREUD: THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS AS A CLASSIC OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE**

    Theoretical move: The passage defends psychoanalysis against epistemological, ideological, and empirical critiques by redefining its object as "symptomatic communication" and its field as interpretive practice (free association), while arguing that *The Interpretation of Dreams* itself exemplifies the split subject—being a radically composite, multi-voiced text that enacts the very disjunctive structure of the dream it theorizes.

    The science he founded, psychoanalysis, has for its object symptomatic communication, and for its field, the practice of critical decipherment, an analytic realm he discovered, developed, and christened 'free association.'

33. #33

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **TOWARD A POETICS OF TERROR FOR THE CULTURE OF THE REAL: OUR DREAM OF CREATIVE READING**

    Theoretical move: This passage is largely non-substantive editorial and prefatory material — translation notes, edition prefaces by Freud, and a translator's preface by Brill — with only incidental theoretical content touching on the dream as paradigm for psychopathology and the role of the unconscious in dream-work.

    No one is really qualified to use or to judge Freud's psychoanalytic method who has not thoroughly mastered his theory of the neuroses

34. #34

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **TOWARD A POETICS OF TERROR FOR THE CULTURE OF THE REAL: OUR DREAM OF CREATIVE READING**

    Theoretical move: This passage, drawn from A. A. Brill's translator's preface and Freud's opening chapter of *The Interpretation of Dreams*, establishes the scientific and clinical stakes of dream interpretation: dreams are meaningful psychological structures whose interpretation is indispensable to psychoanalytic technique and the treatment of psychopathological conditions, while also surveying the unresolved contradiction in the literature between dreams as isolated from waking life and dreams as continuous with it.

    it is here that he develops his psychoanalytic technique, a thorough knowledge of which is absolutely indispensable for every worker in this field.

35. #35

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **TOWARD A POETICS OF TERROR FOR THE CULTURE OF THE REAL: OUR DREAM OF CREATIVE READING**

    Theoretical move: Freud surveys the clinical and analogical relations between dream life and mental disturbances, positioning wish-fulfilment as the shared key to a psychological theory of both, and arguing that elucidating the dream is simultaneously an elucidation of the psychosis.

    In the works of those physicians who make use of the psychoanalytic method of treatment (Jung, Abraham, Riklin, Muthmann, Stekel, Rank, and others), an abundance of dreams have been reported and interpreted in accordance with my instructions.

36. #36

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    ***The Analysis of a Sample Dream***

    Theoretical move: Freud establishes dream interpretation as a legitimate scientific procedure by arguing that dreams, like hysterical symptoms, have a hidden meaning recoverable through a method of free, uncritical self-observation — thereby positioning the dream as a psychic formation continuous with pathological symptoms rather than a mere somatic process.

    In the course of these psychoanalytical studies, I happened upon dream interpretation.

37. #37

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    ***The Analysis of a Sample Dream***

    Theoretical move: Freud establishes the methodological foundation of psychoanalytic dream interpretation—proceeding fragment by fragment rather than en masse—and justifies using his own dreams as primary material, framing self-analysis as both a methodological necessity and an ethical obligation of the analyst-as-subject.

    In the course of my psychoanalysis of neurotics, I have indeed already subjected many thousand dreams to interpretation

38. #38

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **(H) SECONDARY ELABORATION**

    Theoretical move: Freud distinguishes dream-work from waking thought as qualitatively different rather than merely inferior, articulating its four mechanisms (displacement, condensation, regard for presentability, secondary elaboration), and then uses the "burning child" dream to pivot toward the limits of interpretation and the need for a new psychology of psychic apparatus.

    we shall be compelled to build a series of new assumptions concerning the structure of the psychic apparatus and its active forces

39. #39

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **(A) FORGETTING IN DREAMS**

    Theoretical move: Freud argues that the forgetting and distortion of dreams in recollection are not arbitrary deficiencies but are themselves products of the same censorship/resistance that produces the dream-work, making them analytically significant rather than epistemically disqualifying; doubt, forgetting, and verbal revision are all instruments of psychic resistance and should be read as clues rather than obstacles.

    Psychoanalysis is justly suspicious. One of its rules reads: Whatever disturbs the continuation of the work is a resistance.

40. #40

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **(A) FORGETTING IN DREAMS**

    Theoretical move: Freud argues that the forgetting of dreams is primarily caused by psychic resistance rather than the gap between sleeping and waking states, and that the sleeping state enables dream formation precisely by diminishing the endopsychic censor—a conclusion demonstrated through clinical practice, delayed dream interpretation, and the structural analogy with neurotic symptoms.

    Psychoanalytic experience has furnished us with another proof of the fact that the forgetting of dreams depends more on the resistance than on the strangeness existing between the waking and sleeping states

41. #41

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **(A) FORGETTING IN DREAMS**

    Theoretical move: Freud argues that apparently aimless free association is never truly without an end-presentation; when conscious end-presentations are relinquished, unconscious ones take over and determine the train of thought, while the psychic censor—rather than the absence of goals—accounts for the predominance of superficial, displaced associations over deep ones, a principle that forms the twin pillars of psychoanalytic technique.

    psychoanalysis raises these two axioms to pillars of its technique. When I request a patient to dismiss all reflection, and to report to me whatever comes into his mind...

42. #42

    The Interpretation of Dreams · Sigmund Freud

    **COMMENTS**

    Theoretical move: This passage is a collection of contemporary and retrospective critical commentaries on Freud's Interpretation of Dreams, offering no original theoretical argument but summarizing and evaluating Freud's core concepts (manifest/latent content, wish-fulfillment, the unconscious) from multiple external perspectives.

    His system of 'psychoanalysis'—now so widely employed by psychiatrists and those who delve into the field of abnormal psychology—depends very largely upon the interpretation of dreams

43. #43

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.16

    P SYC HOANALYSI S OF C APITALI SM

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that capitalism's incompleteness—the very gaps it produces—opens the space for its psychoanalysis and critique, and that previous critical approaches (including Marx's egalitarian critique of surplus value) have been insufficient precisely because they subordinate psychoanalytic insight to a pre-given political verdict rather than letting the analysis of psychic satisfaction drive the critique.

    To psychoanalyze a system is inherently to criticize it. But previous efforts at marshaling psychoanalysis for the critique of capitalism have consistently placed psychoanalysis in a secondary position.

44. #44

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.55

    THE E ND OF THE OTHE R

    Theoretical move: Psychoanalysis after Freud's 1920 theoretical revolution moves subjects not from dissatisfaction to satisfaction but from one form of satisfaction to another, and this intervention turns on the subject's relation to a non-existent Other whose desire is both the necessary stimulus for desire itself and the source of its constitutive alienation — a structure capitalism uniquely exploits by insisting the Other's desire actually exists and is interpretable.

    Psychoanalysis emerges in response to this unavowed satisfaction and attempts to assist subjects in coming to terms with it.

45. #45

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.173

    Th e Ends of Capitalism

    Theoretical move: Capitalism's privileging of ends over means structurally deflects the subject's attention from the lost object (cause of desire) to empirical objects of desire, producing constitutive dissatisfaction that fuels consumption; psychoanalysis wages an asymmetric counter-movement by restoring the lost object to its central position, thereby reconciling the subject with partial satisfaction and rendering it incapable of capitalist accumulation.

    Psychoanalysis owes its existence to capitalist modernity. It emerges in response to the sense of dissatisfaction that capitalism produces through its incessant focus on the object of desire.

46. #46

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.214

    THE C APITALI ST SINE QUA N ON

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that capitalism's psychic appeal lies not in solving scarcity but in deploying scarcity ideologically to shield subjects from confronting the more fundamentally traumatic excess (jouissance/abundance), inverting the usual association of trauma with lack and grounding a psychoanalytic critique of capitalist ideology.

    The groundbreaking insight of psychoanalysis lies in its association of trauma with excess rather than with scarcity. Prior to Freud, thinkers for the most part pictured human life as a struggle with scarcity.

47. #47

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.279

    . A G OD W E C AN BE LIEV E IN

    Theoretical move: This passage argues, through a series of endnotes, that the heliocentric/capitalist dislocation of God generates the structural conditions for neurosis, that Hegel's move of grasping substance as subject is the philosophical response to this dislocation, and that capitalism substitutes an unconscious, irrational belief in a new Other for genuine freedom—collapsing ontological freedom into empirical consumer choice.

    This is why psychoanalysis did not form until after the development of capitalism and its installation of a new form of the Other.

48. #48

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.288

    . A MOR E TOLE R ABLE INFINIT Y > . THE E NDS OF C APITALI SM

    Theoretical move: This endnotes passage advances the theoretical argument that capitalism's structure is isomorphic with utilitarian ethics and teleological (final cause) thinking, while psychoanalysis, Spinoza, and Agamben's impotentiality offer resources for resisting capitalism's productivity imperative—locating the subject's desire, not the body, as the true site of power.

    Agamben's emphasis on impotentiality reveals his proximity to psychoanalysis, despite his refusal to avow this proximity. Perhaps we could risk the thesis that Agamben is too close to psychoanalysis to recognize the resemblance.

49. #49

    Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets · Todd McGowan · p.296

    . E XC H AN GIN G LOV E FOR ROM AN C E > . ABUNDAN C E AND SC ARC IT Y

    Theoretical move: This footnote apparatus argues that scarcity is a capitalist ideological construction rather than an ontological given, and that the subject's fundamental condition is one of excess/abundance (driven by the excessiveness of signification itself), which is what psychoanalysis addresses — not the absence of the object but its necessarily lost status within a structure of surplus.

    Psychoanalysis emerges in response to the subject's experience of abundance, not its encounter with scarcity.

50. #50

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.68

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > A sign of alarm

    Theoretical move: This passage contextualizes Lacan's 1957 essay "Psychoanalysis and its Teaching" within the institutional conflicts of French psychoanalysis, arguing that Lacan's theoretical insistence on humanistic, structuralist, and intersubjective foundations for analytic training was simultaneously a militant political intervention against the positivist-medical orthodoxy represented by the IPA and Nacht.

    Lacan was alarmed by the embrace of positivism, which was increasingly demanded of and provided by psychoanalysts in order to legitimate their practice and theory.

51. #51

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > The text

    Theoretical move: The passage performs a close reading of Lacan's essay title, arguing that the double meaning of 'teaching' (noun/verb) reveals a structural interdependence: the content of psychoanalytic knowledge and the act of its transmission are mutually constitutive.

    Lacan indicates the double sense of 'teaching' in the abstract, dividing it into two sections: 'Psychoanalysis and What it Teaches Us,' and 'How to Teach It.'

52. #52

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > The talk given was couched in the following terms

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that Lacan's abstract simultaneously enacts and reflects on his mode of teaching psychoanalysis, sketching key theses (split subject, linguistic unconscious, the analyst as Other) while critically noting the social cost of psychoanalysis's fashionable acceptance—which distorts the analyst into a figure of omniscient authority rather than a rigorous clinical and theoretical position.

    Lacan is not proselytizing for psychoanalysis, nor attempting to make arguments for its viability. That moment has passed, in his view.

53. #53

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > The psychoanalytic unconscious of the psychological unconscious

    Theoretical move: Lacan argues that pre-Freudian (and ego-psychological) hierarchical dualisms between conscious and unconscious encode a political bias that is itself legible as the 'unconscious of scientific discourse'; true psychoanalytic insight locates conflict not in biological or archetypal sources but in the linguistic structure of the symptom as articulated in speech.

    The entire idea of psychoanalysis as based on talking (or as Lacan puts it, 'chatting') would be nonsense if speech did not actively constitute the symptom, and indeed the subject itself.

54. #54

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > Approaching neurosis in the imaginary vs. the symbolic

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that psychoanalysis, by assimilating to scientism's demand for universally quantifiable knowledge, betrays Freud's founding intention—which was to preserve access to the symbolic (the unconscious) rather than reduce analysis to mere technical practice under the IPA's institutional aegis.

    Lacan argues that, in stipulating that the IPA exists in order to preserve and teach Freud's 'discovery and method,' Freud was distinguishing the analytic community from a 'scientific society founded on a common practice.'

55. #55

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.96

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > Freud’s desire

    Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the IPA's reduction of psychoanalytic training to standardized technique (rather than a humanistic, symbolic "style") constitutes the repression of Freudian truth, and that the only genuine transmission of psychoanalysis is through a demonstrative style that enacts the very mechanisms of the unconscious it describes — not through institutional affiliation or positivist technique.

    It is located in an entirely different register: the register of the humanities, the semiotic, the spiritual, the historical, and the artistic. The symbolic register.

56. #56

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > Context

    Theoretical move: This passage is a contextual/editorial introduction to Lacan's 1956 essay on psychoanalytic training, situating its historical significance and its relation to Lacan's later 'Proposition of 9 October 1967' on *la passe*; it is primarily bibliographic and contextual rather than a substantive theoretical argument.

    Lacan's essay concerns the survival of psychoanalysis and the efficacy and ethics of its practice.

57. #57

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.106

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > Title

    Theoretical move: The passage situates Lacan's 1956 écrit within the Parisian intellectual climate of "situation" (Sartre) and shows how Lacan simultaneously borrows and critiques the concept: where Sartre locates freedom in action, Lacan relocates it in language, and the very rhetorical structure of Lacan's text—its apostrophe and division of address—enacts a solicitation of transference as an analytic strategy.

    Lacan asks what concepts the terms 'psychoanalysis' and 'psychoanalyst' actually convey, all the while creating psychoanalytic 'history in action'

58. #58

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.107

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > Action figures

    Theoretical move: Lacan's "Return to Freud" is theorized here as a corrective practice that reinstates the primacy of the symbolic (signifier, speech, structure) against post-Freudian distortions—particularly object relations and affect-based readings of transference—thereby renewing both the conceptual foundations and the institutional situation of psychoanalysis.

    Lacan sees the 'survival' (384, 1) of psychoanalysis as dependent on this return to its beginnings and to the work of its founder.

59. #59

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > The number two is odd

    Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the symbolic dimension irreducibly introduces a third term into the analyst-analysand dyad, making "two" structurally odd (*impair*), and uses this mathematical-structuralist move to critique ego psychology's reduction of drive to instinct, to align psychoanalysis with conjectural sciences, and to expose how the IPA's group dynamics reproduce the imaginary mechanisms of identification Freud himself theorized.

    psychoanalytic technique concerns the subject's relation to the signifier, the knowledge it has conquered can only be situated as organized around that

60. #60

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.126

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > Once upon a time on an enchanted couch

    Theoretical move: Lacan's satirical fable in "The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956" exposes how the IPA's bureaucratic institutional structure produces narcissistic identification, imaginary prestige, and endless subordination rather than genuine analytic transmission, arguing that the institutional training machine is structurally self-defeating and anti-intellectual.

    the very style of this écrit with its plethora of poetic and philosophical allusions, comic manner, and detective-like literary pretentions, underlines the very exigency Lacan requires of analysts, namely that they read closely

61. #61

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.128

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > From mental to dental: the analyst and the tooth

    Theoretical move: The passage uses Lacan's satirical attack on American ego psychology and the IPA's institutional structure to argue that ego psychology functions as a hypnotic "life support" keeping a dead psychoanalysis artificially alive, and that a return to Freudian speech is necessary to allow authentic psychoanalysis to be reborn.

    psychoanalysis has managed to sustain itself without any reference to Freudian concepts (the 'forces of dissociation to which Freud's heritage is being subjected')

62. #62

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-005) > Appendix

    Theoretical move: Lacan uses this appendix to mount a sustained critique of ego psychology and identification-based training analysis, arguing that genuine psychoanalytic cure produces separation from rather than identification with the analyst, and that a return to Freud's texts is the corrective to the conformist institutionalization of psychoanalysis.

    A return to Freud's text will wrest psychoanalysis from this 'conformist terror' (410, 1) where it has floundered

63. #63

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.) · p.255

    [Remarks on Daniel Lagache’s Presentation: “Psychoanalysis and Personality Structure”](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-009) > Context

    Theoretical move: The passage contextualizes Lacan's "Remarks on Daniel Lagache's Presentation" as a theoretical summation spanning Seminars I–VII, framing the Lacan/Lagache debate as a contest between structuralism and existential-phenomenological orientations, with the key difference lying in how structure, personality development, and the direction of the cure are conceived.

    unlike Lacan himself, who wished to detach psychoanalysis from empirical psychology as much as possible, Lagache wished to bring academic/empirical psychology and psychoanalysis together

64. #64

    Reading Lacan's Écrits: From 'The Freudian Thing' to 'Remarks on Daniel Lagache' · Derek Hook, Calum Neill & Stijn Vanheule (eds.)

    [Psychoanalysis and its Teaching](#ch05.xhtml_tocbook-part-004) > Truly the most, the most truly

    Theoretical move: Lacan argues that what is "truly proper" to psychoanalysis—the Freudian unconscious—has been systematically domesticated by Neo-Freudian adaptations, institutional identification, and mimetic transmission, and that reclaiming psychoanalysis requires a "militant" return to what is singular in Freud's concept of the unconscious rather than an imaginary identification with an acceptable image of Freud.

    Lacan is quite serious in wanting to preserve and transmit what he sees as essential to psychoanalysis.

65. #65

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby · p.10

    E M B R A C I N G THE VOID

    Theoretical move: Boothby argues that the Lacanian shift from thematic to structural analysis—reframing the Oedipus complex in terms of language and symbolic castration rather than literal familial drama—provides the conceptual foundation for a distinctly Lacanian theory of religion, in which the sacred is grounded not in divine presence but in the subject's primordial relation to a constitutive Void (the unconscious).

    the religious impulse is uniquely illuminated by the lessons of psychoanalysis

66. #66

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby

    Rereading Lacan (or, What Is the Other?) > Religion from Freud to Lacan

    Theoretical move: The passage frames the book's theoretical project: to account for Lacan's distinctive rewriting of psychoanalytic theory vis-à-vis religion—distinct from Freud's critique—by showing how Lacan links the ancient gods to the Real, the subject of speech to the divine 'I am', and his own Écrits to mystical writing.

    To achieve that aim it will be indispensable to orient ourselves, at least briefly, toward the main elements of Freud's view.

67. #67

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby · p.77

    Rethinking Religion (or, What Is the Sacred?)

    Theoretical move: The passage proposes a Lacanian psychoanalytic theory of religion grounded in *das Ding* as the abyssally unknowable dimension of the Other, arguing that religious experience—paradigmatically prayer—is always an address to this void, and that different religious formations represent varying structural relationships to that abyss.

    the task now is to draw on that background to pose a new psychoanalytic theory of religion

68. #68

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby · p.212

    Rethinking Religion (or, What Is the Sacred?) > Conclusions > The Heart of the Matter

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that a Lacanian account of religion grounds the sacred not in wish-fulfilling illusion but in the subject's primordial, ambivalent orientation toward das Ding as the void at the heart of the Other—and further proposes that both religion and science are ultimately forms of devotion to (and defense against) this unknown Thing, thereby dissolving Freud's simple religion/science opposition while aligning Lacan with an "art of unknowing."

    The attentive openness to the unknown that he recommended the unknown in the Other and in oneself— was the talking cure of psychoanalysis.

69. #69

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby · p.213

    Rethinking Religion (or, What Is the Sacred?) > Notes > Chapter 1

    Theoretical move: This passage is a notes/bibliography section for Chapter 1 of Boothby's book, listing scholarly references on Lacanian theory and religion, Freud, Nietzsche, and related works. It is non-substantive in theoretical terms but signals key intertextual engagements.

    no one has done more to demonstrate how Lacan reopens the field of the religious from a psychoanalytic point of view than Slavoj Žižek

70. #70

    Embracing the Void: Rethinking the Origin of the Sacred · Richard Boothby · p.249

    Rethinking Religion (or, What Is the Sacred?) > Index > **INDEX**

    Theoretical move: This is a back-matter index passage (pages 248–249) listing key terms, persons, and concepts with page references; it is non-substantive as a theoretical argument but surfaces the book's central conceptual architecture through its entry clusters.

    psychoanalysis: and Christianity, 144–45; and *das Ding*, 50–52; and defenses of ego, 55–65; … and religion, 12, 3–4, 191–202; rethinking foundations of, 192–94

71. #71

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.19

    Acknowledgments > Introduction > You're No Good

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that psychoanalysis poses a fundamental challenge to all emancipatory politics by revealing that the Good is constituted by its own prohibition (das Ding), making antagonism not a resolvable conflict but an internal, constitutive feature of the social order — a position that differentiates Freud from both liberal reconciliation theories and Marx's ultimate vision of overcoming antagonism.

    From the perspective of psychoanalysis, however, there is no good at all.

72. #72

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.24

    Acknowledgments > Introduction > Unprotected Sex

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that the discovery of the death drive in 1920 renders utopian or reformist psychoanalytic politics (Gross, Reich, Fromm, Marcuse) theoretically untenable, because the death drive introduces an irreducible antagonism internal to the drive itself that cannot be dissolved by lifting social repression or eliminating scarcity — thereby marking the fundamental limit of any Marxist-Freudian synthesis.

    Each tries to marry psychoanalysis with some form of Marxist or socialist thought

73. #73

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.31

    Acknowledgments > Introduction > Progressing Backward

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that psychoanalysis fundamentally inverts the Enlightenment equation of knowledge with progress: whereas Enlightenment subjects desire to know, the psychoanalytic subject is constituted by a "horror of knowing," organizing existence around the avoidance of unconscious knowledge so that desire and the death drive remain operative. Analytic recognition therefore does not produce progress but rather a confrontation with what one already was — the death drive as truth of subjectivity, not an obstacle to be overcome.

    Psychoanalysis attempts to fill this fundamental lacuna in the project of knowledge by demanding that the subject abandon the project in its traditional manifestation.

74. #74

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.67

    I > 2 > I Can Get Satisfaction

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that psychoanalysis is fundamentally an economic theory of the psyche in which the drive always-already produces satisfaction, meaning the analytic intervention is not a cure from dissatisfaction to satisfaction but a quantitative shortening of the circuitous path the subject takes to its inevitable enjoyment — a political critique of capitalism's logic of accumulation follows directly from this.

    psychoanalysis is fundamentally an economic theory of the psyche… Rather than attempting to cure dissatisfied subjects, psychoanalysis confronts subjects who are satisfied but who spend too much psychic effort or who take a path that is too circuitous for the satisfaction they obtain.

75. #75

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.92

    I > 2 > Miserliness and Excess

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that capitalism's structural deferral of enjoyment imposes detours on the death drive, producing miserliness in jouissance rather than excess, and that the Freudian economy of the joke reveals an alternative logic—economizing to release excess enjoyment—that capitalism must suppress to function.

    Psychoanalytic thought can't offer a precise prescription for a particular form of social organization beyond the capitalist one. But it can reveal the importance of embracing the economics of the joke.

76. #76

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.93

    I > 3 > Freedom and Injustice

    Theoretical move: Psychoanalysis offers a distinct critique of capitalism grounded not in justice (as in Marxism) but in freedom: class society deprives subjects of freedom and enjoyment at the level of the unconscious, and psychoanalysis emerges precisely to address the persistence of unfreedom after the Enlightenment's failure to achieve its own ideal.

    psychoanalysis begins with freedom — or, more precisely, with the lack of freedom that exists under capitalism... psychoanalytic thought sees the problems that capitalism engenders in other terms than Marxism does.

77. #77

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.98

    I > 3 > Analyzing the Rich

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that class privilege functions as a systematic barrier to enjoyment by demanding repression and producing only a circuitous, unrecognized enjoyment (outrage, disgust), so that psychoanalysis's critique of capitalism is not that it produces too much enjoyment but that it structurally prevents subjects from avowing their own enjoyment—making the psychoanalytic rallying cry "more enjoyment" rather than "less."

    psychoanalysis reveals a new approach to the critique of capitalism. Th e problem with capitalist society, according to what psychoanalysis lays out, isn't that it pays too much att ention to decadent enjoyment.

78. #78

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.143

    I > Changing the World > Th e Questionable Task of Analysis

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that neurosis, psychosis, and perversion are forms of private rebellion that leave the social order intact, and that psychoanalytic "normalization" should be understood not as adaptation to the status quo but as the production of a subject capable of genuinely transformative public action.

    It is certainly correct to view psychoanalysis as a normalizing endeavor, provided that one understands normality as the refusal to accommodate oneself to a dissatisfying public world and the consequent recognition that one must act to change it.

79. #79

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.167

    I > Th e Appeal of Sacrifi ce > An Absence of Final Causes

    Theoretical move: McGowan argues that teleological thinking (the "final cause") structurally occludes enjoyment/jouissance, which operates as an "immanent cause" inhering in action itself rather than as a pursued end; psychoanalysis—through free association—is theorized as the method that brackets the final cause to expose this immanent causality, identifying the death drive as Freud's formal theorization of enjoyment-as-immanent-cause.

    The psychoanalytic method of free association takes as its point of departure an attempt to put the final cause, which governs our conscious interactions, to the side.

80. #80

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.212

    I > Th e Politics of Fantasy > Philosophy versus Fantasy

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that Western philosophy's long-standing critique of fantasy as a political and epistemological obstacle is precisely what psychoanalysis overturns: rather than treating fantasy as ipso facto negative, psychoanalysis opens the possibility of relating to fantasy differently, transforming it from an object of critique into a potential basis for political engagement.

    The significant political innovation of psychoanalysis in this respect is that it allows us to see fantasy in another way. Psychoanalysis recognizes that the political valence of fantasy remains up for grabs.

81. #81

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.277

    I > Th e Case of the Missing Signifi er > Th e Political Deadlock

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that the fundamental political deadlock is constituted by a structurally missing binary signifier (the signifier of the feminine in patriarchal society) whose absence is both the source of injustice and the condition of possibility for politics and justice itself; a properly psychoanalytic politics transforms this deadlock from an obstacle into a point of identification, redefining emancipation as an embrace of the limit rather than its transcendence.

    The key to the political project of psychoanalysis lies in the unexpected twist that it gives to the fight against repression.

82. #82

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.301

    I > Th e Case of the Missing Signifi er > Notes > Introduction

    Theoretical move: This endnotes passage grounds the book's theoretical argument about enjoyment, repetition, and political emancipation by positioning Lacan's death drive (as repetitive encircling rather than aggression) against Frankfurt School and Reichian attempts to subsume it under Eros/surplus repression, while also contesting Derridean justice-to-come and the ideology of progress as ontological illusions that capitalism exploits.

    Psychoanalytic theory is appropriated here as a political weapon, demonstrating the way the unconscious of patriarchal society has structured film form

83. #83

    Enjoying What We Don't Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis · Todd McGowan · p.344

    I > Th e Case of the Missing Signifi er > Notes > 10. The Necessity of Belief

    Theoretical move: This notes section develops several interlocking theoretical claims: that psychoanalysis addresses the trauma of existence that neither God's existence nor nonexistence can resolve; that religion functions to mask social antagonism; that Pascal's wager affirms a point of non-knowledge irreducible to calculation; and that authentic events retroactively restructure the field of probability and meaning.

    this is precisely what psychoanalysis emerges in response to

84. #84

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_142"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0161"></span>***P*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_156"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0178"></span>**progress**

    Theoretical move: Lacan's rejection of "progress" as a humanist concept rests on its presupposition of linear time and dialectical synthesis, yet Lacan preserves a limited notion of progress within the analytic treatment itself, understood as movement toward truth.

    There is one sense, however, in which Lacan does speak of progress: the progress in psychoanalytic TREATMENT.

85. #85

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_ncx_30"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_page_0045"></span>***C*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_ncx_34"></span>**Cause**

    Theoretical move: The passage traces Lacan's evolving theorisation of causality across his oeuvre: from the cause of psychosis to causality as situated on the border of the symbolic and the real, to objet petit a as the cause of desire rather than its object, establishing that the cause of the unconscious is structurally a 'lost cause'.

    he distinguishes between magic, religion, science and psychoanalysis on the basis to their relationship to truth as cause

86. #86

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_142"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0161"></span>***P*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_158"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0179"></span>**psychoanalysis**

    Theoretical move: The passage establishes Lacan's position that his own practice constitutes the only authentic psychoanalysis—a return to Freud against deviations—and that psychoanalysis is an autonomous scientific discipline irreducible to psychology, medicine, philosophy, or linguistics, whose aim is not cure but the articulation of truth.

    Lacan never admits that he has created a distinctive 'Lacanian' form of psychoanalysis. On the contrary, when he describes his own approach to psychoanalysis, he speaks only of 'psychoanalysis', thus implying that his own approach is the only authentic form of psychoanalysis

87. #87

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_ncx_202"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_page_0231"></span>***T*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_ncx_210"></span>**treatment**

    Theoretical move: The passage defines psychoanalytic treatment as a directed structural process distinct from medical cure, whose aim is not the restoration of a healthy psyche but the analysand's articulation of desire and truth, structured by transference, resistance, and the desire of the analyst across distinct phases.

    The term 'treatment' designates the practice of PSYCHOANALYSIS as opposed to the theory of psychoanalysis.

88. #88

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_ncx_30"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_page_0045"></span>***C*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part13.xhtml_ncx_38"></span>**Communication**

    Theoretical move: Lacan redefines communication against standard linguistic models by showing that in psychoanalytic speech the sender is always simultaneously a receiver, and that the analyst's interpretive work returns the analysand's own message in its inverted, unconscious form — making intentionality exceed consciousness.

    analytic communication as the act whereby 'the sender receives his own message from the receiver in an inverted form' (Ec, 41)

89. #89

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part15.xhtml_ncx_57"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part15.xhtml_page_0075"></span>***E*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part15.xhtml_ncx_60"></span>**ego-psychology**

    Theoretical move: The passage establishes Ego Psychology as the institutional foil against which Lacanian theory is constructed, arguing that Lacan's sustained critique of its central concepts (adaptation, the autonomous ego) and its IPA dominance is constitutive of Lacanian theory itself rather than merely polemical.

    Lacan presents both ego-psychology and the IPA as the 'antithesis' of true psychoanalysis (E, 116)

90. #90

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part16.xhtml_ncx_66"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part16.xhtml_page_0084"></span>***F*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part16.xhtml_ncx_75"></span>**Freud, return to**

    Theoretical move: Lacan's "return to Freud" is not a simple return to orthodoxy but a claim to have uncovered a deeper, coherent logic in Freud's texts that had been obscured or betrayed by post-Freudian schools (ego-psychology, Kleinian psychoanalysis, object-relations theory), while simultaneously functioning as a rhetorico-political challenge to the IPA's monopoly on the Freudian legacy.

    Lacan first trained as a psychoanalyst within the INTERNATIONAL PSYCHO-ANALYTICAL ASSOCIATION (IPA), the organisation founded by Freud which presented itself as the sole legitimate heir to the Freudian legacy.

91. #91

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_ncx_173"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_page_0195"></span>***S*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_ncx_177"></span>**School**

    Theoretical move: The passage traces the institutional logic behind Lacan's founding of the École Freudienne de Paris, arguing that the deliberate choice of 'school' over 'association' or 'society' encoded a structural critique of the IPA's hierarchical, church-like model, and that the EFP's innovations—democratic membership, the pass, and cartels—were concrete attempts to institutionalise psychoanalytic formation around doctrine rather than authority.

    Lacan is just as sceptical of those analysts who reject all institutions as he is of those who turn the institution into a kind of church.

92. #92

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_ncx_173"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_page_0195"></span>***S*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part29.xhtml_ncx_178"></span>**Science**

    Theoretical move: The passage traces Lacan's evolving and ambivalent relationship to science, arguing that his model of psychoanalysis oscillates between claiming scientific status (via mathematical formalisation, the isolation of objet petit a as its object) and disavowing it (as a "delusion" awaiting science), while insisting throughout that psychoanalysis operates the "subject of science" and must align with structural linguistics rather than natural sciences.

    Psychoanalysis is not a science. It has no scientific status—it merely waits and hopes for it. Psychoanalysis is a delusion—a delusion which is expected to produce a science

93. #93

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part19.xhtml_ncx_87"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part19.xhtml_page_0105"></span>***I*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part19.xhtml_ncx_94"></span>**International Psycho-Analytical** **Association**

    Theoretical move: The passage uses the IPA as a foil to articulate Lacan's institutional and theoretical positioning: his excommunication from the IPA becomes the occasion for defining his own school's aims (La Passe, cartels) and his "return to Freud" as a corrective to the IPA's betrayal of psychoanalysis, particularly through its embrace of Ego Psychology.

    Lacan regarded his own teaching as a return to the insights that the IPA had betrayed (see FREUD, RETURN TO).

94. #94

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part23.xhtml_ncx_113"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part23.xhtml_page_0132"></span>***M*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part23.xhtml_ncx_116"></span>**materialism**

    Theoretical move: The passage argues that Lacan's materialism is not a crude reductive or economic determinism but a 'materialism of the signifier,' in which the materiality of language/the signifier (identified with the Letter in its indivisibility) grounds a distinctive Lacanian ontology distinct from both idealism and vulgar materialism.

    in 1964 he argues that psychoanalysis is opposed to any form of philosophical idealism (S11, 221).

95. #95

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_ncx_202"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_page_0231"></span>***T*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_ncx_207"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part30.xhtml_page_0236"></span>**training**

    Theoretical move: Lacan abolishes the IPA distinction between therapeutic and training analysis, arguing that all analyses are potentially training analyses, and that the formation of the analyst is an ongoing, subject-transforming process irreducible to institutional certification.

    'There is only one kind of psychoanalysis, the training analysis' (S11, 274).

96. #96

    An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis · Dylan Evans

    <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_142"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0161"></span>***P*** > <span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_ncx_159"></span><span id="9781134780112_Part26.xhtml_page_0180"></span>**psychology**

    Theoretical move: The passage traces Lacan's progressive dissociation of psychoanalysis from psychology: psychology is reduced to ethology/behaviourism and shown to be built on illusions (unity, wholeness, nature), while psychoanalysis alone, by uncovering the linguistic basis of subjectivity and the split subject, escapes those illusions and constitutes a genuinely human science.

    only psychoanalysis, which uncovers the linguistic basis of human subjectivity, is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically human.

97. #97

    Civilization and Its Discontents · Sigmund Freud

    1

    Theoretical move: Freud subjects the "oceanic feeling" (proposed as the source of religion) to psychoanalytic-genetic critique, arguing that it is not primary but a residue of the ego's original undifferentiated state, and uses the Rome analogy to theorize psychical retention—the co-existence of archaic and developed forms in mental life—as the general condition grounding this account.

    It was psychoanalytic research that first taught us that this was a delusion, that in fact the ego extends inwards, with no clear boundary, into an unconscious psychical entity that we call the id.

98. #98

    Civilization and Its Discontents · Sigmund Freud

    8

    Theoretical move: Freud extends the Eros/death-drive formula from individual psychology to civilization by arguing that civilization develops its own super-ego whose ethical demands (especially "Love thy neighbour") are therapeutically defective for the same reasons as the individual super-ego, and tentatively raises the diagnostic possibility that entire civilizations may be neurotic—while cautioning against mechanical application of psychoanalytic concepts beyond their original sphere.

    one could not say that such an attempt to apply psychoanalysis to the cultural community would be absurd or doomed to futility. But one would have to be very cautious

99. #99

    Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures · Mark Fisher · p.230

    <span id="Chapter23.htm_page214"></span>Postmodern Antiques: *Patience (After Sebald)*

    Theoretical move: Fisher argues that *Inception* symptomatically stages the supersession of the Freudian unconscious by a "subconscious" colonised by late-capitalist cognitive labour: where the classical unconscious was an alien otherness, the film's dreamscapes recirculate familiar commodified images, converting psychoanalytic depth into therapeutic self-help ideology and thereby dramatising how capitalist "inception" (interpellation) works by making subjects believe its implanted ideas are their own.

    It's possible to read Inception as a staging of this superseding of psychoanalysis, with Cobb's apparent victory over the Mal projection… almost a parody of psychotherapy's blunt pragmatism.

100. #100

     Irrepressible Truth: On Lacan's 'The Freudian Thing' · Adrian Johnston · p.10

     **Preface**

     Theoretical move: Johnston argues that Lacan's notorious difficulty is not obscurantism but a deliberate pedagogical strategy that collapses the theory/technique distinction, compelling readers to practice analytic interpretation rather than mere reading—and that the middle-period Lacanian Symbolic and the later Real are more continuous than prevailing reception assumes.

     Lacan puts his listeners and readers to work—demanding work. He never tired of repeatedly emphasizing that his prioritized addressees were training and trained psychoanalysts

101. #101

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.48

     JACQUES LACAN ECRITS > *Presentation of the Suite*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Freudian unconscious operates through the ordered chains of formal language rather than through any biological property of living memory, and that repetition-automatism arises not from the real but from "what was not"—thereby grounding the symbolic order as sufficient to explain the indestructibility of the unconscious and orienting psychoanalytic training toward the question of how formal language determines the subject.

     my writings have their place within an adventure which is that of the psychoanalyst, assuming psychoanalysis goes so far as to call him into question.

102. #102

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.76

     JACQUES LACAN ECRITS > *Presentation of the Suite* > *Parenthesis of Parentheses (Added in 1966)* > *Notes*

     Theoretical move: This passage is largely non-substantive, consisting of scholarly footnotes (citing Lacan's thesis, early articles, Foucault, Levi-Strauss, and a Congress intervention) followed by a brief programmatic statement positioning a "second generation" of analysts as approaching psychoanalysis via the Reality Principle rather than through affective conversion — framing the historical shift in the transmission of psychoanalytic doctrine.

     The new psychology not only fully accepts psychoanalysis; by constantly corroborating it by research in disciplines that begin from other starting points, it demonstrates the value of psychoanalysis' pioneering work.

103. #103

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.82

     JACQUES LACAN ECRITS > *The Truth of Psychology and the Psychology of Truth* 79

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that science and truth are structurally foreign to one another — science operates through communicability, repeatability, and rational unification rather than truth as a value — and that Freud's break with scientistic psychology was productive precisely because it was not a merely critical negation but a new positivity rooted in the transformative practice of healing.

     a negation that was efficient in that it asserted itself in the form of a new positivity. Freud took this fruitful step no doubt because... he was made to do so by his concern with healing

104. #104

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.83

     JACQUES LACAN ECRITS > *The Truth of Psychology and the Psychology of Truth* 79 > *Freud's Revolutionary Method*

     Theoretical move: Lacan reconstructs Freud's methodological revolution as resting on two fundamental rules — the law of non-omission and the law of non-systematization — which together constitute "analytic experience" by suspending the cultural prejudice that reduces the psychical to the illusory, and by treating the patient's own account as the primary access-route to psychical reality.

     This is the way in which what we may call 'analytic experience' is constituted: its first condition is formulated in a law of non-omission… but it is incomplete without the second condition, the law of non-systematization

105. #105

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.120

     The Mirror Stage as Formative of the / Function > A Theoretical Introduction to the Functions of Psychoanalysis in Criminology

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the human sciences—unlike physical sciences—cannot evade the question of truth as constitutive of their object, and that psychoanalysis, precisely because its efficacy is conditioned by the truth of revelation, offers a privileged methodological contribution to criminology's dual search for the truth of the crime and the truth of the criminal.

     What can the technique that guides the analyst's dialogue with the subject and the psychological notions that analytic experience has defined contribute to this search for truth?

106. #106

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.161

     Presentation on Psychical Causality > /. *Critique of an Organicist Theory of Madness, Henri Ey's Organo-Dynamism*

     Theoretical move: Lacan dismantles Ey's organo-dynamism by exposing its covert dualism and its idealist fantasy of "psychical activity" as adaptation, arguing that neither organicism nor a naive dialectical hierarchism can ground a genuine science of psychical causality—and that only a rigorously defined concept of the object can serve as the foundation for such a science.

     the idolatrous reverence for words seen to reign elsewhere, especially in psychoanalysts' inner circles

107. #107

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.209

     Presentation on Psychical Causality > On the Subject who Is Finally in Question

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that training analysis, properly understood, is the purest or most restricted form of psychoanalysis—revealing the subject at stake in all analysis—and that this recognition requires grounding psychoanalysis in a scientific theory of the subject constituted by the signifying chain, where the symptom is not a sign of truth but is truth, made of the same material as the signifying order itself.

     It is obvious that psychoanalysis was born from science. It is inconceivable that it could have arisen from another field.

108. #108

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.217

     Presentation on Psychical Causality > The Function and Field of Speech 237 and Language in Psychoanalysis > *Preface*

     Theoretical move: This preface to the "Rome Discourse" uses the institutional crisis of French psychoanalysis to argue that the deadening of Freudian concepts through routine training regimes makes it urgent to recover their meaning through historical reflection and subjective grounding, and that truth's unsurpassable condition is found in the logical precipitation of haste rather than in bureaucratic prudence.

     In a discipline that owes its scientific value solely to the theoretical concepts Freud hammered out as his experience progressed—concepts which... benefit from the latter's resonances while incurring misunderstanding

109. #109

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.291

     Presentation on Psychical Causality > *A Bat Question: Examining It in the Light of Day*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the crisis of therapeutic criteria in psychoanalysis reveals a constitutive méconnaissance: the field's "extraterritoriality" from external scientific validation is mirrored by an internal misrecognition, and the only available criterion for what constitutes psychoanalysis is tautological—defined solely by who practices it—thereby making ethical rigor and theoretical formalization, not therapeutic outcome, the true standard of analytic practice.

     A psychoanalysis, whether standard or not, is the treatment one expects from a psychoanalyst.

110. #110

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.603

     In Memory of Ernest Jones: On His Theory of Symbolism

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses a memorial essay on Jones's theory of symbolism to argue that Jones's attempt to ground analytic symbolism in the "concrete idea" of the phallus—rather than Jung's libido-as-archetype—ultimately fails because it cannot account for the phallus's function as a signifier, which is the only notion adequate to conceive of analytic symbolism properly.

     We can thus gauge how much more essential this discord is in the art of psychoanalysis, where an experience of truth determines the field—that of memory and signification—whereas the phenomena that are found to be most signifying in it remain scandalous compared to the ends of utility with which all power is legitimated.

111. #111

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.623

     In Memory of Ernest Jones: On His Theory of Symbolism > On an Ex Post Facto Syllabary

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Jones's critique of Silberer and Jung to vindicate his own tripartite distinction of the Symbolic, Imaginary, and Real as the methodological foundation of psychoanalysis, arguing that the "true symbol" is not a figure of the concrete but a signifier marking the place of a constitutive lack, and that confusing the symbolic with the imaginary is the error that opens the door to both "hermeneuticization" and "psychologization" of psychoanalysis.

     Psychoanalysis has withered to such an extent that it thus forgets that its first responsibility is to language.

112. #112

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.628

     Guiding Remarks for a Convention on Female Sexuality > 77. *Definition of the Subject*

     Theoretical move: Lacan sets out a methodological agenda for investigating female sexuality by triangulating three axes: the phenomenology of coitus under analytic conditions, the subordination of those phenomena to desire and its unconscious ramifications, and the unresolved legacy of psychical bisexuality—moving from anatomy through nosology toward a structural account of feminine libidinal economy.

     the phenomena attested to by women under the conditions of psychoanalytic experience regarding the avenues and act of coitus

113. #113

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.644

     Guiding Remarks for a Convention on Female Sexuality > *On a book by Jean Delay and another by Jean Schlumberger¹*

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Delay's psychobiography of Gide to theorize the relationship between the literary message and the writer's private life, arguing that truth is constituted through fictional structure and that the signifier (the "letter") organizes the soul's history — positioning the psychobiographer as the new addressee of the subject's discourse in place of God.

     One might note here that a psychoanalysis, while it is going on, constrains the subject's actions more than he thinks, and that this changes nothing in the problems raised by his behavior.

114. #114

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.647

     Guiding Remarks for a Convention on Female Sexuality > *On a book by Jean Delay and another by Jean Schlumberger¹*

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Delay's biography of Gide to argue that proper psychoanalytic method—deciphering signifiers without presupposing the signified—reveals the subject's structure more faithfully than "applied psychoanalysis," and that Gide's case illustrates Spaltung (splitting of the subject) as the specific clinical phenomenon, grounded in the mother's discourse, fantasy transmission, and jouissance, over and against ego-psychological notions like "weakness of the ego."

     Psychoanalysis is applied, strictly speaking, only as a treatment and thus to a subject who speaks and hears. In the absence of such circumstances it can only be a question of psychoanalytic method.

115. #115

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.689

     The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire in the Freudian Unconscious

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Freudian psychoanalysis constitutes a "Copernican" subversion of the subject by grounding the unconscious not in consciousness, affect, or ineffable states but in a chain of signifiers — thereby distinguishing psychoanalytic truth from both Hegelian absolute knowing and the empiricism of academic psychology, and repositioning truth as that which knowledge cannot fully absorb.

     A structure is constitutive of the praxis known as psychoanalysis… the return of truth to the field of science at the same time as it comes to the fore in the field of its praxis

116. #116

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.747

     On Freud's "Trieb" and the Psychoanalyst's Desire > Science and Truth

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the subject of psychoanalysis is identical to the subject of modern science (inaugurated by the Cartesian cogito), and that this identity — structured as a division between knowledge and truth, formally rendered by the Möbius strip — is what grounds psychoanalysis as a practice while simultaneously ruling out any "humanist" or anthropological supplementation of that subject.

     To say that the subject upon which we operate in psychoanalysis can only be the subject of science may seem paradoxical.

117. #117

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan

     Classified Index of the Major Concepts > *III. Desire and Its Interpretation* > A. EPISTEMOLOGY

     Theoretical move: This is a non-substantive index passage listing page references for major concepts under the heading "Epistemology" within "Desire and Its Interpretation"; it performs no original theoretical work but maps where truth, science, and conjecture are developed in the Écrits.

     Psychoanalysis and science: 79-80, 231-32, 266, 284, 288-89, 361, 381-82, 513, 527, 724, 855-877.

118. #118

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.352

     The Freudian Thing > or the Meaning of the Return to Freud in Psychoanalysis

     Theoretical move: Lacan frames his "return to Freud" as a corrective response to the systematic betrayal of Freudian doctrine by the post-war psychoanalytic movement—particularly its American wing—which subordinated the discipline's historical and theoretical core to the demands of social adaptation and ego-mastery, inverting Freud's revolutionary insight into a reactionary "manager of souls" function; textual commentary on Freud's written corpus is proposed as the methodological instrument of restoration.

     to call for a return to Freud is seen as a reversal… what psychoanalysis is not, and find with you a way to put back into force what has continued to sustain it

119. #119

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.357

     The Freudian Thing > or the Meaning of the Return to Freud in Psychoanalysis > *The Adversary*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Freudian return to meaning is inseparable from a fundamental question of truth: psychoanalysis is not merely a technique of mirage-recognition or an economic re-organization of reality, but the inauguration of a new relation to truth—one that is not reducible to the verity that "something is veritable," but that structurally transforms reality itself.

     Psychoanalysis is the science of the mirages that arise within this field.

120. #120

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.384

     The Freudian Thing > *The talk given was couched in the following terms:*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Freudian unconscious is constituted by a linguistic structure—specifically the duplicity of signifier and signified in natural languages—and that symptoms are not mere expressions but inscriptions in a writing process, thereby distinguishing psychoanalysis from romantic, biological, and interpersonal-relations frameworks and grounding its teaching in this structural order.

     Were such a statement applied to modern physics, no one would, I think, qualify the discreet use of an algebraic formula, in order to indicate the order of abstraction that it constitutes, as sibylline.

121. #121

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.400

     The Freudian Thing > *The talk given was couched in the following terms:*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Freud deliberately engineered a merely formal, authoritarian preservation of psychoanalysis—through institutional repression and censorship—such that his fundamental concepts survived as "non-present signifiers," largely misunderstood, and that only a return to Freud via a distinctive style of teaching can recover the truth they carry.

     It is not difficult to show how contemptuous Freud was of men whenever his mind confronted them with this task, which was considered by him to be beyond their capabilities.

122. #122

     Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English · Jacques Lacan · p.430

     The Situation of Psychoanalysis and the Training of Psychoanalysts in 1956 > The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason Since Freud

     Theoretical move: Lacan situates "The Instance of the Letter" as a text poised between writing and speech, using this threshold position to assert that psychoanalytic training must be grounded in a humanistic-literary formation and in the primacy of speech—against a tendency in mainstream (International) psychoanalysis to import linguistics superficially without grasping speech's foundational role in analytic experience.

     we observe with curiosity the beginnings of a new tack concerning symbolization and language in the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis… it is above all the tone that is missing

123. #123

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.31

     **II** > *Idem,*

     Theoretical move: The passage situates Freud's turn toward psychopathology within his intellectual trajectory — not as compensation but as a continuation of contemporary mechanistic theorisation of the nervous apparatus — while introducing the clinical concept of resistance through a practitioner's first-person account.

     turning towards psychopathology was for him a compensation is, I believe, a bit excessive

124. #124

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.206

     **XVI**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Balint's object-relations theory as a foil to argue that "two-body psychology" remains a relation of object to object, failing to introduce the properly intersubjective (symbolic) register, and that the erasure of the symbolic and imaginary in favour of a "call on the real" constitutes a technical and theoretical deviation from the fundamental analytic experience.

     in order to render palpable what I will call a certain contemporary deviationism in relation to the fundamental analytic experience which is my constant point of reference

125. #125

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.309

     xxn > A spoken commentary on Freud's *Verneinung,* by Jean Hyppolite\* > **INDEX**

     Theoretical move: This is a non-substantive index passage from Seminar I, listing terms and page references; it contains no original theoretical argument but maps the seminar's conceptual terrain through cross-referenced entries.

     psychoanalysis ... as dialectic 278 ... as science of the particular 12, 21 ... and revelation (unveiling) 49, 65, 267

126. #126

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.78

     **vn**

     Theoretical move: Lacan introduces the "inverted bouquet" optical apparatus as a model for understanding the articulation of the imaginary, symbolic, and real — arguing that the mirror stage requires supplementation by a structural optics that distinguishes real from virtual images, and that the juncture of symbolic and imaginary is constitutive of what we call "reality."

     Without these three systems to guide ourselves by, it would be impossible to understand anything of the Freudian technique and experience.

127. #127

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.213

     **XVII**

     Theoretical move: Lacan critically exposes the theoretical dead end of Balint's object-relation theory, which defines the object purely as satisfier of need and models all libidinal life on a closed, harmonious mother-infant complementarity—arguing this framework cannot account for the subject's encounter with the Other as a genuine subject, and thus deviates from the fundamental analytic conception of the libido.

     This definition, the starting-point and pivot of the Balint conception, is in contradiction with the analytic tradition on one essential point, concerning the development of instincts.

128. #128

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.254

     **XX**

     Theoretical move: By reading Augustine's *De Magistro* alongside Freud, Lacan argues that the sign cannot be anchored to the thing term-by-term, that signification always refers back to signification (the self-demonstrating character of speech), and that *nomen* as symbol-pact encodes a function of recognition (*reconnaissance*) that Augustine anticipates but cannot fully articulate because he lacks Hegel's dialectic of recognition.

     Your example illustrates perfectly how interpretation works in analysis - we always interpret the actual reactions of the subject in as much as they are taken up in the discourse, just like your chair which is a word.

129. #129

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.306

     xxn > A spoken commentary on Freud's *Verneinung,* by Jean Hyppolite\* > **INDEX**

     Theoretical move: This is an index page from Seminar I, providing page references for key Lacanian and psychoanalytic concepts; it is non-substantive as a theoretical argument but maps the distribution of core concepts (imaginary, ideal ego, ignorance, image, interpretation, intersubjectivity, introjection) across the seminar.

     and psychoanalysis 141 indoctrination, analysis as 109, 281

130. #130

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.33

     **II** > **Z\*:** *Certainly.*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues against reductive psychobiographical readings of Freud (e.g. his work as compensation for a 'desire for power'), insisting that the analytic attitude toward a subject cannot be collapsed into the logic of domination or resistance-conquest; he further distinguishes Freud's interpretive practice as more 'humane' than modern ego-psychological technique precisely because it does not privilege the interpretation of defence over the interpretation of contents.

     We have after all learned enough through analysis not to feel ourselves obliged to identify the Freud who dreams of world-domination with the Freud who reveals a new truth.

131. #131

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.16

     **I**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the contemporary confusion in analytic technique stems from a reduction of psychoanalysis to a two-body (intersubjective) psychology, and proposes that the analytic experience must instead be formulated as a three-term relation in which speech is the central organizing element.

     it would not be an exaggeration to call it the most radical confusion… there isn't perhaps a single one who, deep down, has the same conception as any other of his contemporaries or peers as to what one does, what one aims to do, what one achieves, what is going on in analysis.

132. #132

     Seminar I · Freud's Papers on Technique · Jacques Lacan · p.10

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **OVERTURE TO THE SEMINAR**

     Theoretical move: Lacan's opening move in Seminar I is to frame psychoanalysis as a recovery of meaning and reason within a structure of subjectivity, distinguishing Freud's dialectical method from both scientistic reductionism and systematised dogma, while positioning the analytic situation as a structural formation irreducible to a dyadic encounter.

     Freud's discovery is the rediscovery, on fallow ground, of reason.

133. #133

     Seminar X · Anxiety · Jacques Lacan · p.26

     BookX Anxiety > **ANXIETY, SIGN OF DESIRE**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that analytic teaching cannot rest on mere cataloguing or analogical methods, but must operate through a "function of the key" — the signifying function — grounded in the unary trait as the primordial signifier that precedes the subject and justifies any ideal of straightforwardness in teaching.

     it's because there's a whole literature, fostered by the analytic experience, called analytic theory, that I'm forced, often very much against my will, to give it so much consideration.

134. #134

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.21

     The Seminar of JACQUES LACAN

     Theoretical move: Lacan opens Seminar XI by positioning psychoanalysis as a *praxis* — a concerted human action that treats the real by means of the symbolic — and uses his own institutional excommunication as an object-lesson that simultaneously illustrates the comic structure of subjectivity (truth of the subject residing not in himself but in a concealed object) and poses the foundational question of what grounds psychoanalysis between science and religion.

     What are the fundamentals, in the broad sense of the term, of psychoanaljsis? Which amounts to saying—What grounds it as praxis?

135. #135

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.139

     PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST > THE TRANSFERENCE AND THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan critiques the folk-semantic uses of "transference" (positive/negative, ambivalence, full transference) as inadequate, and then pivots to the properly conceptual question: transference must be determined by its function in praxis, and even if it is a product of the analytic situation, that situation cannot create the phenomenon entirely—something must pre-exist it.

     It might seem to settle the question at the outset if we could decide whether or not the transference is bound up with analytic practice, whether it is a product, not to say an artefact, of analytic practice.

136. #136

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.275

     FROM INTERPRETATION TO THE TRANSFERENCE > THE FIELD OF THE OTHER

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the institutional contradiction within psychoanalysis—analysts reproducing university-style hierarchies of qualification in the very field committed to free search governed by truth—as an illustration that analysts themselves are caught in the problem of the unconscious, exposing the tension between the analytic field and the university field.

     there is one field, that of psychoanalysis, in which, in fact—if anywhere—the subject is there only to seek his qualification for free search governed by a demand for truth

137. #137

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.34

     THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS > THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS

     Theoretical move: Lacan frames the four fundamental Freudian concepts (unconscious, repetition, transference, drive) as requiring a limit-approach analogous to infinitesimal calculus, then grounds the claim that "the unconscious is structured like a language" in Lévi-Strauss's structural anthropology, arguing that a presubjective, combinatory symbolic order organizes human relations prior to any subject formation.

     can psychoanalysis, with all its paradoxical, odd, aporic qualities, be regarded, among us, as constituting a science, a potential science?

138. #138

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.278

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU

     Theoretical move: Lacan closes Seminar XI by revisiting its founding question—what order of truth does psychoanalytic praxis engender?—and frames the four fundamental concepts (unconscious, repetition, transference, drive) as the grounding that protects the analyst from the charge of imposture, while the formula "I love in you something more than you" crystallises the role of objet petit a in love and its destructive excess.

     imposture looms overhead—as a contained, excluded, ambiguous presence against which the psychoanalyst barricades himself with a number of ceremonies, forms and rituals

139. #139

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.248

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD > OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the transference is constituted precisely by the subject's positioning of another as the "subject supposed to know," and that the analysand's withholding of information from the analyst reveals that what most limits the analytic process is not fear of deception by the analyst but fear of being understood too quickly—i.e., fear that the analyst will reduce the symptom to an organic or biographical cause, foreclosing the analytic work itself.

     But psycho-analysis shows us that what, above all in the initial phase, most limits the confidence of the patient, his abandonment to the analytic rule, is the threat that the psycho-analyst may be deceived by him.

140. #140

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.241

     THE SUBJECT AND THE OTHER: APHANISIS > THE FIELD OF THE OTHER

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the apparent neutrality of number and mathematical science conceals the constitutive presence of the subject and the Other: the zero in the number series is the subject who totalizes, meaning desire and the subject/Other dialectic are irreducible even within modern scientific formalism inaugurated by Descartes.

     I will leave you at this point, and do no more than indicate for you the last aim of my discourse for this year namely, to pose the question of the position of psycho-analysis in science.

141. #141

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.28

     The Seminar of JACQUES LACAN > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: Lacan defends the reference to Freud's desire and the hysteric's desire as structural rather than psychological, arguing that desire must be positioned as an object rather than as a ground of original subjectivity — a move shared by both Socrates and Freud that defines the properly Freudian unconscious.

     the Freudian field of analytic practice remained dependent on a certain original desire, which always plays an ambiguous, but dominant role in the transmission of psychoanalysis.

142. #142

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.246

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD > OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW

     Theoretical move: Lacan situates psychoanalysis in relation to modern Science (La science) by articulating the unconscious upon a revised Cartesian subject, and introduces transference as the nodal phenomenological site where this articulation becomes operative — irreducible to the transference/counter-transference split and essentially bound up with desire.

     It is in relation to this second science, Science itself, that we must situate psycho-analysis.

143. #143

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.245

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that analytic training turns on the problem of trust — specifically, that transference emerges wherever there is a subject supposed to know, and that the analyst must grasp through lived experience what this trust (and the movement it sets in motion) is actually oriented around, rather than substituting ceremony for genuine criteria of qualification.

     The training of analysts is a subject that is well to the forefront of analytic research.

144. #144

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.63

     OF THE NETWORK OF SIGNIFIERS > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Freud's certainty about the unconscious rests on the Wiederkehr (return) as its constitutive principle, grounded in Freud's self-analysis as a mapping of desire suspended in the Name-of-the-Father, and pivots from this to announce that repetition—tied to the subject's subversion by the signifier system—requires its own elaboration.

     sustained by a certain relation to his desire, and by his own achievement, namely, the constitution of psychoanalysis.

145. #145

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.175

     SEXUALITY IN THE DEFILES OF THE SIGNIFIER > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that modern science establishes a deliberate "relation of non-relation" with the unconscious combinatory, and that the question of this disconnection must be pursued at the level of desire — specifically, the desire that subtends scientific discourse itself — as a condition for reflecting on the scientificity of psychoanalysis.

     If we can couple psycho-analysis to the train of modern science, despite the essential effect of the analyst's desire, we have a right to ask the question of the desire that lies behind modern science.

146. #146

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.92

     THE SPLIT BETWEEN THE EYE AND THE GAZE > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis must rectify the classical path from perception to science because that path evades castration; the analytic task is to cut the subject off from the illusory reciprocity of the gaze, locating the properly psychic point of the scopic function at the level of the 'stain' rather than at the mirror-level of mutual looking.

     Psycho-analysis is neither a Weltanschauung, nor a philosophy that claims to provide the key to the universe.

147. #147

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.39

     THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes the Freudian unconscious from all prior and contemporary forms (romantic, Jungian, Hartmannian) by insisting it is structured like a signifying system — something that "speaks" at the level of the subject with the same elaboration as consciousness — thereby grounding psychoanalysis in the primacy of the signifier rather than any obscure primordial will.

     the fact that Jung, who provides a link with the terms of the romantic unconscious, should have been repudiated by Freud, is sufficient indication that psycho-analysis is introducing something other.

148. #148

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.45

     OF THE SUBJECT OF CERTAINTY > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Freudian unconscious belongs to a third ontological category—"the unrealized"—neither being nor non-being, and he critically diagnoses how psychoanalytic institutionalization has "desiccated" this radical opening into a rationalist catalogue, betraying the disturbing potential of Freud's original discovery.

     The result of our research into the unconscious moves, on the contrary, in the direction of a certain desiccation, a reduction to a herbarium, whose sampling is limited to a register that has become a catalogue raisonné

149. #149

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.33

     THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan situates his early teaching as a corrective struggle against practitioners' méconnaissance of speech as the analytic instrument, framing his appeal to language philosophy as merely propaedeutic, and announces a pivot toward confronting the "refusal of the concept" in psychoanalysis.

     the degree of contempt for, or simply méconnaissance of, the instrument of their work the practitioners of psycho-analysis can attain

150. #150

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.157

     ANALYSIS AND TRUTH OR THE CLOSURE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS > THE TRANSFERENCE AND THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that mapping the subject against "reality" rather than against the signifier constitutes a fundamental degradation of psychoanalytic experience into psychology, and that the ego—the "psychological isolate"—is a theoretical deviation that confuses the subject with a mere adaptive organism, in flagrant contradiction with what analytic experience actually reveals through the function of the internal object.

     the level at which we sustain the psycho-analytic experience, and which, if I may say so, reinforces to an incredible degree the denudation of the subject.

151. #151

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.274

     FROM INTERPRETATION TO THE TRANSFERENCE > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the analyst's relationship to truth requires a paradoxical self-dethroning from collusion with truth, grounding this in Freud's engagement with the Jewish prophetic tradition and connecting it to the structural division of the subject.

     the prophetic tradition in relation to another message, was certainly—as he seemed to be aware, or in any case as he wrote it—to make of the collusion with truth a function essential to our operation as analysts.

152. #152

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.279

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU > TO CONCLUDE

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis must locate itself at the intersection of religion and science by positioning itself at the precise point of the "separation" of the subject—the same structural locus where science eludes the alienation of the subject—and that belief is not simply overcome by enlightenment but is sustained through a fundamental alienation in which the subject's being is paradoxically revealed.

     the term imposture in my talk today... it is certainly the first step by which one might approach the relation of psycho-analysis with religion and, through this, with science

153. #153

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.176

     THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan frames the drive (Trieb) as the fourth fundamental concept of psychoanalysis, insisting that Freud's specific use of the term constituted a radical conceptual break that is obscured by the term's prior history in psychology, physiology, and physics — a concealment that allows misreadings to invoke drive against Lacan's own doctrine of the unconscious.

     to show you how this mapping is necessitated by all the deviations, of concept and of practice, that a long experience of analysis and of its doctrinal statements enables one to accumulate

154. #154

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.93

     THE SPLIT BETWEEN THE EYE AND THE GAZE > OF THE GAZE

     Theoretical move: By distinguishing gaze from vision (the eye), Lacan grounds the scopic drive as a proper drive while arguing it is uniquely non-homologous with other drives precisely because it most completely eludes castration — a claim he attributes to a careful reading of Freud's 'Triebe und Triebschicksale'.

     it is not, after all, for nothing that analysis is not carried out face to face.

155. #155

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.22

     The Seminar of JACQUES LACAN

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis cannot be defined as a science through hermeneutics, praxis-field, or formula-making alone; instead, its scientific status depends on clarifying the status of its four fundamental Freudian concepts (unconscious, repetition, transference, drive) and, crucially, on interrogating the analyst's desire as constitutive of the analytic field itself.

     Before allowing psycho-analysis to call itself a science, therefore, we shall require a little more.

156. #156

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.150

     PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST > PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST

     Theoretical move: Lacan indicts a conformist, adaptationist tendency within psychoanalytic theory—where analysts flee the unsettling implications of the unconscious into orthopedic, evolutionist therapeutics—positioning this as a betrayal of the still-young, subversive discovery of the unconscious.

     the discovery of the unconscious is still young, and it is an unprecedented opportunity for subversion

157. #157

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.280

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU > IN YOU MORE THAN YOU

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis occupies a structural position analogous to science—not religion—precisely because it is grounded in the central lack where the subject experiences itself as desire, with the corpus of scientific knowledge functioning as the equivalent of the objet petit a in the subjective relation.

     But psycho-analysis is not a religion. It proceeds from the same status as Science itself.

158. #158

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.21

     The Seminar of JACQUES LACAN

     Theoretical move: Lacan opens Seminar XI by using his institutional excommunication as a theoretical object — illustrating that the truth of the subject (even the master) is concealed in an external object, and that exposing this structure is the essence of comedy — before defining psychoanalytic praxis as the treatment of the real by the symbolic, and posing the founding question of whether psychoanalysis belongs to science or religion.

     What are the fundamentals, in the broad sense of the term, of psychoanalysis? Which amounts to saying—What grounds it as praxis?

159. #159

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.22

     The Seminar of JACQUES LACAN

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes psychoanalysis from both hermeneutics and alchemy by arguing that its scientific status hinges on the structural role of the analyst's desire and on the foundational conceptual status of Freud's four fundamental concepts (unconscious, repetition, transference, drive), which have been systematically distorted in the analytic literature; the passage thereby frames the central theoretical question of Seminar XI.

     Before allowing psycho-analysis to call itself a science, therefore, we shall require a little more.

160. #160

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.33

     THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan situates his early teaching as a corrective struggle against the méconnaissance of speech as the instrument of psychoanalysis, distinguishing a merely propaedeutic use of Heidegger/philosophy of language from his own project, and pivots toward introducing the concept of repetition by diagnosing a broader "refusal of the concept" in analytic practice.

     to what degree of contempt for, or simply méconnaissance of, the instrument of their work the practitioners of psycho-analysis can attain

161. #161

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.61

     OF THE NETWORK OF SIGNIFIERS > THE UNCONSCIOUS AND REPETITION

     Theoretical move: Lacan retroactively reads Freud's Wahrnehmungszeichen as signifiers, arguing that the synchronic network of the unconscious is grounded in a structurally orientated diachrony (metaphor/metonymy), and that the entire Freudian field presupposes the Cartesian subject—making psychoanalytic 'recollection' a structural necessity, not Platonic reminiscence.

     Is psycho-analysis, here and now, a science? What distinguishes modern science from science in its infancy... is that, when science arises, a master is always present. Freud is certainly a master.

162. #162

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.92

     THE SPLIT BETWEEN THE EYE AND THE GAZE > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: Psychoanalysis rectifies the philosophical path from perception to science by confronting what that path avoids — castration — and the analyst's task in the session is to cut the subject off from the illusory reciprocity of the scopic field, which offers the subject an alibi against his signifying dependence.

     Psycho-analysis is neither a Weltanschauung, nor a philosophy that claims to provide the key to the universe. It is governed by a particular aim, which is historically defined by the elaboration of the notion of the subject.

163. #163

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.139

     PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST > THE TRANSFERENCE AND THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan critiques received notions of positive/negative transference and the ambivalence concept as theoretically insufficient, then pivots to the properly conceptual question: transference must be understood through the function it performs in analytic praxis, and even if it is a product of that situation, the situation alone cannot generate it ex nihilo — something outside must be presupposed.

     It might seem to settle the question at the outset if we could decide whether or not the transference is bound up with analytic practice, whether it is a product, not to say an artefact, of analytic practice.

164. #164

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.142

     PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST > PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the Freudian field is constitutively marked by loss, and that the analyst's presence is irreducible precisely as witness to this loss — a structural loss inscribed in the oblique stroke dividing the concepts of unconscious, repetition, and transference — while diagnosing Ego Psychology as a symptomatic obscurantism that betrays the field.

     the presence of the psycho-analyst, seen in the very same perspective in which the vanity of his discourse appears, must be included in the concept of the unconscious.

165. #165

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.150

     PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST > PRESENCE OF THE ANALYST

     Theoretical move: Lacan indicts mainstream analysts ("slag") for retreating from the subversive potential of the unconscious into conformist, evolutionist therapeutics oriented toward a mythical happiness, thereby betraying the radical discovery of psychoanalysis.

     the discovery of the unconscious is still young, and it is an unprecedented opportunity for subversion.

166. #166

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.175

     SEXUALITY IN THE DEFILES OF THE SIGNIFIER > QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that modern science establishes a 'relation of non-relation' with the unconscious — a structural disconnection — and that this disconnection can only be understood at the level of desire, opening the question of the desire that subtends scientific discourse itself.

     If we can couple psycho-analysis to the train of modern science, despite the essential effect of the analyst's desire, we have a right to ask the question of the desire that lies behind modern science.

167. #167

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.176

     THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan introduces the Drive as the fourth fundamental concept of psychoanalysis, arguing that Freud's specific use of 'Trieb' is so novel that it conceals its prior history, and that misappropriations of the term (even against Lacan's own doctrine) stem from treating it as a mere 'radical given' rather than a rigorously theorized concept.

     to show you how this mapping is necessitated by all the deviations, of concept and of practice, that a long experience of analysis and of its doctrinal statements enables one to accumulate

168. #168

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.181

     THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE DRIVE > THE TRANSFERENCE AND THE DRIVE

     Theoretical move: Lacan identifies a constitutive antinomy between drive and satisfaction: symptoms and neurotic suffering involve a paradoxical satisfaction that fulfils the pleasure principle in a roundabout way, and analytic intervention is justified precisely at the level of the drive, where this satisfaction must be rectified—introducing the category of the impossible as a new dimension of drive-satisfaction.

     if I refer to the drive, it is in so far as it is at the level of the drive that the state of satisfaction is to be rectified.

169. #169

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.241

     THE SUBJECT AND THE OTHER: APHANISIS > THE FIELD OF THE OTHER

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the apparent neutrality of mathematical/scientific discourse conceals the presence of the subject and the Other: the zero, as the condition of the number series, figures the subject who totalizes, meaning that the dialectic of subject and Other is already implicated in the very foundations of modern science inaugurated by Descartes.

     the last aim of my discourse for this year namely, to pose the question of the position of psycho-analysis in science. Can psycho-analysis be situated in our science

170. #170

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.245

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD

     Theoretical move: The training of analysts requires that the analyst know what structures the movement of trust in the clinical relationship — identified as transference — which turns on the figure of the Subject Supposed to Know; without adequate criteria, this training degenerates into mere ceremony or simulation.

     The aim of my teaching has been and still is the training of analysts.

171. #171

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.246

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD > OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW

     Theoretical move: Lacan situates psychoanalysis in relation to modern Science (La science) by grounding it in a revision of the Cartesian subject articulated through the unconscious, and reframes transference not as a technical split between transference/counter-transference but as an essential, indivisible phenomenon bound up with desire — tracing its rigorous articulation back to Plato's Symposium.

     It is in relation to this second science, Science itself, that we must situate psycho-analysis.

172. #172

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.247

     OF THE SUBJECT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW, OF THE FIRST DYAD, AND OF THE GOOD > THE FIELD OF THE OTHER

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that transference is constitutively tied to the position of the Subject Supposed to Know, and uses Freud's unique historical status as the one analyst who *actually* knew (rather than merely being supposed to know) to clarify both the function of that position and the institutional drama it generates within analytic communities.

     What does an organization of psycho-analysts mean when it confers certificates of ability, if not that it indicates to whom one may apply to represent this subject who is supposed to know?

173. #173

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.278

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU

     Theoretical move: Lacan concludes Seminar XI by reframing the year's work around the four fundamental concepts (unconscious, repetition, transference, drive) as the ground of psychoanalytic practice, and poses the epistemological challenge of psychoanalysis's claim to truth: how can its practitioners be certain they are not impostors? The formula "I love in you something more than you—the objet petit a" crystallises the structural excess that both grounds and destabilises love and practice alike.

     imposture looms overhead—as a contained, excluded, ambiguous presence against which the psychoanalyst barricades himself with a number of ceremonies, forms and rituals

174. #174

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.279

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU > TO CONCLUDE

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that science occupies structurally the point of separation in the dialectic of the subject's alienation, which is what enables the scientist's peculiar mode of existence and shields him from questioning the status of his own science — making science, not enlightened critique, the only real bulwark against religion's claim on belief.

     it is certainly the first step by which one might approach the relation of psycho-analysis with religion and, through this, with science

175. #175

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.280

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU > IN YOU MORE THAN YOU

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the corpus of scientific knowledge occupies, in the subjective relation, the same structural position as the objet petit a, and uses this to distinguish psychoanalysis from both religion and science while insisting it shares science's foundational status—grounded in the central lack where the subject experiences itself as desire.

     psycho-analysis is not a religion. It proceeds from the same status as Science itself.

176. #176

     Seminar XI · The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.303

     IN YOU MORE THAN YOU > TO CONCLUDE

     Theoretical move: This passage is a back-matter index for Seminar XI, listing key concepts and page references; it is non-substantive for theoretical extraction purposes, functioning purely as a navigational apparatus.

     psycho-analysis----consd. 37, 41, 47—8, 53—5, 67—70, 74, 77—8

177. #177

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.291

     **PRESENTATION BY MONSIEUR MILNER**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the psychoanalyst is structurally excluded from the Real by his position and technique, and that this exclusion—symptomatically mirrored in logic's reduction of reference to truth/falsity (Frege)—necessitates organizing a new logic around three irreducible terms (knowledge, subject, sex) in order to situate sense, meaning, and the subject's division within analytic experience.

     the psychoanalyst, by his position... is excluded from the real by his position. He forbids himself by his very technique any means of approaching it.

178. #178

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.279

     **Seminar 21: Wednesday 2 June 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the failure of dialogue—especially sexual dialogue between men and women—to ground the anti-dialogic structure of psychoanalysis, then pivots to frame the seminar's programme as hinging on the analyst's relationship to truth and knowledge, triangulated through Frege's logic and Plato's *Sophist*, introducing a "tertiary function" as the structural condition for any genuine transmission.

     This is why psychoanalysis is not a dialogue. In the field that psychoanalysis is applied, people realised, because there it stuck out, that dialogue produces nothing.

179. #179

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.298

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Cartesian cogito founds the modern subject by displacing truth onto the big Other (God), thereby inaugurating a science of accumulative knowledge severed from truth; psychoanalysis, precisely because it works at the split (Entzweiung) between "I think" and "I am," is the practice that can finally articulate the radical relationship between truth and knowledge — a relationship structured topologically, as in the Möbius strip.

     our purpose is that psychoanalysis should be submitted to a research which is brought to bear on its procedures and even its errors, finds a way to articulate its limits, in other words, disengages from it what could be called its structure.

180. #180

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.40

     **Seminar 4: Wednesday 6 January 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis has mapped out its clinical procedures without genuinely theorising them — transference, identification, the symptom as knot — and that Freud's founding discovery (the Signorelli forgetting) demonstrates that the unconscious operates at the level of signifying material (phonemes), not repressed content, grounding the claim that the subject is primordially determined by language/discourse rather than by any substantial soul or intentional consciousness.

     Problems for psychoanalysis. This is how I agreed to situate my remarks for this year.

181. #181

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.254

     **Seminar 19: Wednesday 19 May 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses game theory (Pascal, Von Neumann) as a structural analogy for the analytic situation: the 'saddle point' of game theory models the convergence of analyst and analysand as potentially the 'same person' sharing a common interest (the cure), while the stake of every game is identified with objet petit a — the divided subject's being — and the game itself is theorized as fantasy rendered inoffensive and desire made isolable.

     what is involved in the game of analysis, if it is a fact, since it has all its characteristics, that analysis is a game because it is carried out within a rule

182. #182

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.296

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan organizes his year's work around the triad Sinn/Zwang/Wahrheit, arguing that the Freudian discovery of compulsion (Zwang as Entzweiung/Spaltung of the subject) and Plato's identification of the Good with Number together illuminate the distinctive status of Truth in psychoanalytic experience—a truth that is irreducibly personal and constituted through means that exceed ordinary medical reference.

     Along what paths does psychoanalysis proceed? The examination of these procedures will be our method to determine what psychoanalysis truly is. We will grasp here that its being depends on the effects of the truth.

183. #183

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.252

     **Seminar 19: Wednesday 19 May 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the unconscious, the subject, and sex form a triadic system of "rotating dominance" (analogous to scissors-stone-paper) in which knowledge is unconscious and indeterminate with respect to the subject, the subject finds his certainty only in the "pure default of sex," and sex itself remains the impossible-to-know pole that any game (including analysis) converts into a manageable stake—thereby grounding the analytic operation as a game whose rule excludes the Real as impossible.

     I will try today to tell you how from the point of view of analysis, which has all the characteristics of a game, we can approach what is involved in this register.

184. #184

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.331

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.** > **Seminar 24: Wednesday 23 June 1965**

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that American psychoanalysis has undergone a pathological inversion by becoming an 'o-object' (objet petit a) of conspicuous display and ideological suture — masking the class struggle under the 'pursuit of happiness' and the promise of adaptation — while true psychoanalysis is defined by assuming the irreparable, i.e. the lack of being, and the properly oriented desire of the analyst.

     So then you understand that the death of psychoanalysis only comes from its inversion. There is in America an inversion of psychoanalysis.

185. #185

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.110

     **Seminar 9: Wednesday 24 February 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis and logic share profound structural relationships, positioning psychoanalytic practice as articulating a "logic of lack" centred on the subject, the objet petit a, identification, and the unary trait — and announces Frege's arithmetic as the key external reference for establishing the logical status of the subject this year.

     Psychoanalysis is a logic and, inversely, one can say that logic could be greatly illuminated by certain radical questions which are posed in psychoanalysis.

186. #186

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.22

     All men are mortal Socrates is a man Therefore Socrates is mortal

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Russell's *Principia Mathematica* and the theory of metalanguages as a foil to assert the foundational thesis that there is no metalanguage—every logical or structural discourse presupposes the primary use of language—and situates this thesis as the precondition for psychoanalytic practice, positioning the analyst not as a subject supposed to know but as one who risks themselves at the place of the subject's lack.

     the difficulty of establishing a psychoanalytic science... This impasse, which obviously must be resolved by indirect means, this impasse is compensated for by all sorts of artifices

187. #187

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.110

     **Seminar 9: Wednesday 24 February 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis and logic share an intimate, essential relationship—psychoanalysis is itself a logic—and frames his ongoing project as establishing a "logic of lack" centred on the subject, the o-object, and the one/unary trait, with Frege's arithmetic as the privileged reference point for grounding the subjective constitution of the One.

     Psychoanalysis is a logic and, inversely, one can say that logic could be greatly illuminated by certain radical questions which are posed in psychoanalysis.

188. #188

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.298

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Cartesian cogito installs a constitutive split (Entzweiung) between the subject of sense and the subject of being, and that this division—wherein the subject is what is *lacking* to accumulated scientific knowledge—is precisely what psychoanalysis radicalises: the unconscious is an "I think" that knows without knowing it, and truth returns not through confrontation with knowledge but through the stumbling intervals of discourse, the symptom being its privileged site.

     our purpose is that psychoanalysis should be submitted to a research which is brought to bear on its procedures and even its errors, finds a way to articulate its limits, in other words, disengages from it what could be called its structure.

189. #189

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.93

     **Seminar 7: Wednesday 27 January 1965** > PRESENTATION BY Mr YVES DUROUX

     Theoretical move: Duroux's presentation of Frege's *Grundlagen der Arithmetik* demonstrates that the successor operation—and thus the passage from zero to one—is grounded in a double negation (contradictory contradiction), which Lacan frames as directly illuminating the relationship between subject and signifier; Miller's forthcoming intervention will articulate this logical structure's incidence on analytic practice.

     these questions... harmonise with our practice... the incidence of nomination, at its conceptual state or at its pure state, on the proper name with which we have to deal

190. #190

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.114

     **Seminar 9: Wednesday 24 February 1965** > **Presentation by Jacques-Alain Miller**

     Theoretical move: Miller's presentation argues that what Frege's logical genesis of number actually stages—despite its explicit exclusion of the psychological subject—is the operation of a non-psychological subject as a structural function: the function of identity that transforms things into objects and units is precisely the logic of the signifier, which precedes and prescribes formal logic rather than falling under it.

     No one has a right to get involved in psychoanalysis who has not acquired from a personal analysis those precise notions which it alone is capable of giving.

191. #191

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.279

     **Seminar 21: Wednesday 2 June 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the failure of sexual dialogue as the paradigm for his claim that psychoanalysis is not a dialogue, then pivots to frame the seminar's programme around the relationship between truth and knowledge—grounded in Frege's logic and Plato's *Sophist*—as the proper route to defining the analyst's position.

     This is why psychoanalysis is not a dialogue. In the field that psychoanalysis is applied, people realised, because there it stuck out, that dialogue produces nothing.

192. #192

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.305

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.** > **Seminar 23: Wednesday 16 June 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the Real is constituted precisely by the impossible (what cannot be), positioning this against the Cartesian-Kantian project of grounding knowledge in conditions of possibility; the Freudian discovery returns what Descartes foreclosed by offloading eternal truths onto divine arbitrariness, and the three poles of subject, knowledge, and sexed being—articulated through Entzweiung and the Möbius strip topology—structure the fundamental psychoanalytic dialectic.

     To look for the real that psychoanalysis deals with in the psychological, is the principle of a radical deviation. Every reduction...of the exhaustion of psychoanalysis in some psychologism...is the negation of psychoanalysis.

193. #193

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.27

     **Seminar 3 : Wednesday 16 December 1964**

     Theoretical move: Lacan dismantles psychological and Piagetian models of intelligence by showing that language is not the instrument of intelligence but its constitutive difficulty, and pivots to the claim that the subject is only a subject by being implicated in structure—thereby grounding analytic transmission not in ego-ideal identification but in the topology of the signifier.

     it is so important to attempt to grasp what is involved in an experience which puts itself forward as being, in the fullest sense... speaking about the truth, [and] can nevertheless not refuse... this dimension of veracity, of something which, having been conquered, is revealed not simply as liberating but more authentic

194. #194

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.40

     **Seminar 4: Wednesday 6 January 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis lacks genuine theoretical comprehension of its own experience (transference, identification, symptom), and locates the foundational discovery of the unconscious in Freud's analysis of the Signorelli forgetting — where what disappears is not a repressed content but phonemes, establishing that the unconscious operates at the level of signifying material rather than meaning.

     Problems for psychoanalysis. This is how I agreed to situate my remarks for this year.

195. #195

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.331

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.** > **Seminar 24: Wednesday 23 June 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan (via a presenter's reading of Zinberg) diagnoses the "ethical illness" of American psychoanalysis as its transformation into an objet petit a — an object of ostentatious display and adaptation ideology — whose inversion of the analytic aim (assumption of irreparable lack) replaces the desire of the analyst with the pursuit of happiness as social suture; Lacan then defends his own teaching as what preserves a "breathable" theoretical atmosphere against these impasses.

     There is in America an inversion of psychoanalysis. If it is true that psychoanalysis is only possible when it is subject to the irreparable

196. #196

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.291

     **PRESENTATION BY MONSIEUR MILNER**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the psychoanalyst is structurally excluded from the real — particularly the real of sex — and that this exclusion is not a deficiency but constitutive of the analytic position; furthermore, logic's historical progression toward Frege's reduction of reference to truth-value is read as a symptom of what is lacking for the designation of the real, pointing toward the triadic organisation of knowledge, subject, and sex as the proper scaffolding for analytic theory.

     he is going to construct a real which will necessarily be the real of the psychologist or of some others… which is what, properly, he has to if he wants to remain a psychoanalyst, he has to preserve himself.

197. #197

     Seminar XII · Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.297

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 9 June 1965.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan recapitulates his year-long triadic schema (Sinn/Zwang/Wahrheit) to argue that the Freudian discovery of Spaltung/Entzweiung gives a new philosophical status to truth, and that psychoanalysis is constitutively the practice of truth-as-means, distinguishing it from all other sciences and grounding its therapeutic effects in a reduplicated sense of truth proper to the subject.

     the means of psychoanalysis are the means of truth through which we return to our debate

198. #198

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.273

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 15 June 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalytic 'scientific' presentations systematically falsify their object by conspiring against the patient, and uses this critique to advance a methodological point: that perversion must be theorised from Freud's foundational claim that perversion is normal, so the clinical problem becomes explaining why abnormal perverts exist - a historical-structural question he aligns with Foucault's archaeological method.

     what constitutes, for me, the problematic of what is called a paper (communication) - you saw earlier that I did not finish - a scientific paper, in psychoanalysis.

199. #199

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.176

     Mademoiselle Grazien

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the topology of the torus and Klein bottle to theorize jouissance as structurally analogous to the symptom, arguing that orgasm is merely one privileged surface-point of jouissance rather than its essence; this allows him to critique "psychoanalytic mysticism" around female orgasm, reframe aphanisis as the fading of the subject (not desire), and follow Jones's account of the father-daughter couple to argue that feminine sexuality resolves into the woman taking the place of the objet petit a.

     Ever since what I call psychoanalytic mysticism exists, people are no longer sad after coitus.

200. #200

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.154

     **Seminar 14: Wednesday 20 April 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses a condensed summary of his previous seminar's work to argue that the being of the subject is constituted through a suture of lack—grounded in Frege's arithmetic, the Cartesian cogito's torsion, and the signifier's relation to negativity—and that only psychoanalysis, by engaging the symptom as a being of truth rather than bandaging the wound of the subject's split, can genuinely confront what science, philosophy, and social critique merely suture over.

     only the analysis of this object - the bandaging - can confront it in its reality… which is to be the object of psychoanalysis. Our project for the current year.

201. #201

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.102

     Third remark

     Theoretical move: Lacan constructs a grammar of personal pronouns (I, me, you, it) to distinguish three orders — symbolic, imaginary, and an unnamed beyond — in which the subject's relation to predication differs; the "it speaks" of the imaginary order is the limit-case where the predicating subject collapses into the subject of the predicate, dissolving subjecthood itself.

     to make another speak about oneself, one says to one's psychoanalyst: 'you are telling me even though …'

202. #202

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan

     **Seminar 4: Wednesday 22 December 1965**

     Theoretical move: Green opens by collapsing the distinction between the object *of* psychoanalysis (as a science's aim) and the object *as* psychoanalysis theorises it, arguing the two senses are structurally interdependent — a move that frames the subject/object relation not as an opposition to dissolve but as a site of identity/difference, conjunction/disjunction, and suture/cut.

     whether one is going to treat the object of psychoanalysis in the sense that one speaks about the object of a science... or whether one is going to speak about the status of the object as psychoanalysis conceives of it

203. #203

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.3

     **Seminar 2: Wednesday 8 December 1965**

     Theoretical move: Lacan articulates the theoretical stakes of the "subject as cut" — the split between truth and knowledge, Wirklichkeit and Realität — and grounds his structuralism in topology (Möbius strip, cross-cap, Graph of Desire), arguing that the analyst's position is defined by, and must accommodate, this constitutive cut rather than escaping it through subjectivist laxity.

     the discreet suspense of what is going to be called henceforth the debate between psychoanalysis and science, the interplay of the relationships between material causes and formal causes

204. #204

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.139

     **Seminar 12: Wednesday 23 March 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses his return from the USA to position psychoanalytic interpretation as radically distinct from both hermeneutics and religious interpretation, grounding this on the advent of science and its relation to the subject of the signifier, while also reflecting on how travel reveals the familiar anew—figured here as Europe's "absolute past" transplanted to America.

     my teaching being a teaching which properly speaking, claims to re-establish this teaching of psychoanalysis on its true foundations

205. #205

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.139

     **Seminar 12: Wednesday 23 March 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses his return from America to make two linked theoretical moves: (1) he defends the radical incompatibility of psychoanalytic interpretation with hermeneutics and religion, grounding it in the subject's relation to the signifier and truth; and (2) he reflects on America as a site of "pure past" – a past that never existed in its supposed origin – as a travel experience that will alter his own discourse going forward.

     my teaching being a teaching which properly speaking, claims to re-establish this teaching of psychoanalysis on its true foundations

206. #206

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan

     **Seminar 4: Wednesday 22 December 1965**

     Theoretical move: André Green's paper opens by arguing that the "object of psychoanalysis" is irreducibly double — simultaneously the target of a scientific discipline and a theoretically constituted object — and that this doubling forces us to confront the co-implication of subject and object rather than either their confusion or their clean separation, with suture and cutting as the operative conceptual pair.

     To speak about the object of psychoanalysis immediately gives rise to a question... whether one is going to speak about the status of the object as psychoanalysis conceives of it.

207. #207

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.273

     **Seminar 22: Wednesday 15 June 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the standard format of the psychoanalytic 'scientific paper' distorts clinical truth by constituting a 'conspiracy against the patient', and uses the example of perversion to insist that genuine scientific rigour requires returning to Freud's foundational claim that perversion is normal—reframing the clinical problem as why abnormal perversion exists at all, a move he aligns with Foucault's historical problematization of madness and medicine.

     the problematic of what is called a paper (communication) - a scientific paper, in psychoanalysis. This must not be particularly special to psychoanalysis.

208. #208

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.102

     Third remark

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the grammatical structure of personal pronouns (I, me, you, it) maps onto a theory of the subject: the "imaginary case" of "it speaks" names a situation where the predicating subject loses its status as subject, collapsing the first and second person into one - a structural definition of the imaginary register in relation to speech.

     one says to one's psychoanalyst: 'you are telling me even though …' to make another speak about oneself, one does not say I, one says me.

209. #209

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.195

     **Seminar 17: Wednesday 11 May 1966**

     Theoretical move: The passage advances the argument that the analyst's subjective division (the split between 'I think' and 'I am') is not merely a piece of knowledge but a structural position that must be inhabited in practice, and that the scopic perspective construction—particularly the horizon line and the dual vanishing points—serves as a geometric illustration of how the objet petit a functions within the divided subject's visual relationship to the world.

     If psychoanalysis forces us to put in question again the status of the subject, it is no doubt because it tackles this problem, the problem of what a subject is, from a different starting place.

210. #210

     Seminar XIII · The Object of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.154

     **Seminar 14: Wednesday 20 April 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan reads a condensed summary of Seminar XIII, arguing that the being of the subject is constituted as the suture of a lack grounded in the Fregean one/zero relation and the cogito's torsion, and that psychoanalysis alone—unlike philosophy or social critique—can genuinely confront the wound of this lack, precisely because the analyst's being is implicated in it as a being of knowledge encountering the symptom as a being of truth.

     only the analysis of this object - the bandaging - can confront it in its reality ...... which is to be the object of psychoanalysis. Our project for the current year.

211. #211

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.160

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 15: Wednesday 15 March 1967.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses a brief introductory address to rehearse the logic of alienation as a forced/inaugural choice—framed through the vel of "I am not thinking" vs. "I am not"—while also reflecting on the civilising (yet necessarily false) function of psychiatric doctrine and the need for critical vigilance in analytic candidates, before ceding the floor to André Green.

     There will perhaps still be psychoanalysis, which will then constitute medicine. But this will really be a pity, because it will be a definitive obstacle for psychoanalysis becoming a science.

212. #212

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.176

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 17: Wednesday 19 April 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that jouissance-value—not truth—is the primary currency of the unconscious economy and of any discourse, including analytic discourse; this reframes the relation between truth, the unconscious, and the analyst's desire, while grounding the objet petit a topologically as the "setting" of the subject produced by the cut of repetition in the projective plane.

     It is very curious to see how the psychoanalyst always has to retouch a little this competitive discourse… this contestation is always strictly correlative… to this sort of gluttony which is linked in a way to the psychoanalytic institution.

213. #213

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.65

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 6: 21 December 1966**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses a digressive, semi-autobiographical register to position his own discourse against misappropriation and institutional misreading, deploying the cogito circuit, Cantor's fate, and the Platonic figures of Poros and Penia to frame the stakes of transmitting psychoanalytic knowledge — arguing that the discourse's justification lies not in institutional recognition but in the resonance it produces in its audience's number.

     the Poros of psychoanalysis and the university Penia

214. #214

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.146

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 14: Wednesday 8 March 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan pivots from methodological self-reflection on the subject's implication in psychoanalytic field-theory to the conceptual forging of "the psychoanalytic act," arguing that analytic theory systematically effaces the cut-structure of the sexual act, and that neither libertarian ideology nor the genital-stage ideal resolves the structural deficit (castration, guilt) inscribed in sexuality; this sets up the question of whether hatred, not tenderness, can co-constitute the sexual act.

     a certain impasse, which is essentially the one that manifests what I call - and they are not univocal - the fallacies of the subject, finds it easiest to put up a resistance … it is here that these concepts will be forged

215. #215

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.166

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 16: Wednesday 12 April 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that structure—the fact that the subject is an effect of language—must be the founding premise of psychoanalysis, just as Marx had to expose the latent structural difference within the equation of value before political economy could become rigorous; and he culminates this argument with the provocative thesis that "there is no sexual act," positioning the unconscious as speaking *about* sexuality through metaphor and metonymy rather than expressing a libidinal drive-force like Eros.

     The great secret of psychoanalysis, is that there is no sexual act.

216. #216

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy · Jacques Lacan · p.146

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 14: Wednesday 8 March 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalytic theory systematically effaces the structural character of the sexual act as a *cut* (an act in the strong sense), substituting a discourse of relational adequacy ('genital stage', 'tenderness') that evades the irreducible discordance and failure built into that act; he introduces the 'psychoanalytic act' as a distinct concept requiring its own structural formalization, in contrast to—and as a corrective upon—the sexual act it takes as its reference point.

     a psychoanalyst cannot forget that it is in the measure that another act interests him, that we will call, to introduce the term today, the psychoanalytic act, that some recourse to the slide-rule may evidently be required.

217. #217

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy · Jacques Lacan · p.160

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 15: Wednesday 15 March 1967.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses an introductory address to Dr. André Green to rehearse the logic of the alienation operation—specifically the forced/inaugural choice between "I am not thinking" and "I am not"—and to argue that psychoanalytic candidates must maintain critical vigilance rather than subordinating thought to the completion of their training analysis.

     There will perhaps still be psychoanalysis, which will then constitute medicine. But this will really be a pity, because it will be a definitive obstacle for psychoanalysis becoming a science.

218. #218

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy · Jacques Lacan · p.183

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 17: Wednesday 19 April 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the golden number (φ) as a mathematical support to argue that sublimation cannot achieve a perfect 'One' or sexual relation—a gap always remains between even and odd power series—and then leverages this to attack the psychoanalytic myth of primary narcissism and the 'unitive' fantasy, asserting that the subject is 'measured by sex' as by a unit, not fused with it, and that no analytic sense can be given to 'masculine' or 'feminine' as signifiers.

     The vanity of the formula that sex 'unites' is not enough. It is also necessary that the primordial image of it should be given them by … the fusion

219. #219

     Seminar XIV · The Logic of Phantasy · Jacques Lacan · p.65

     the smallest whole number which is not written on this board > **Seminar 6: 21 December 1966**

     Theoretical move: In this largely autobiographical and polemical passage, Lacan defends the integrity of his discourse against misappropriation by colleagues, uses the Cartesian cogito's non-closing circuit as a figure for the subject's essential step, and positions his seminar's public transmission—justified by the size and quality of his audience—as the primary vehicle for a discourse that resists both institutional capture and vulgar popularisation.

     the Poros of psychoanalysis and the university Penia

220. #220

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.48

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 4: Wednesday 6 December 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the triad "I read / I write / I lose" to differentiate three levels of knowing and to position the psychoanalytic act as structured around failure and parapraxis, arguing that the analyst's act is irreducible to teaching (thesis) or doing (faire), and that the passage from analysand to analyst marks the critical, untheorised limit at which the act encounters its own obstacle.

     The function of psychoanalysis is clearly characterised by the following: setting up a doing through which the psychoanalysand obtains a certain goal that no one has yet clearly fixed.

221. #221

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.185

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **MEETING of 15 May 1968**

     Theoretical move: Against the backdrop of the May 1968 uprising, Lacan argues that the psychoanalytic failure to articulate the relation between desire and knowledge — and between the sexes — has left a structural vacuum filled by demonstrably false Reichian energetics, and that the Objet petit a (figured here as the paving-stone vs. the tear-gas grenade) names exactly the structural dynamic at stake in the student revolt.

     psychoanalysts had responsibilities… it will all the same be necessary for there to be people who try to be worthy of a certain type of effect, those that were there in a way, offered and predestined to be treated by some people in a certain framework.

222. #222

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.122

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that logic's defining function is precisely to resorb (conjure away) the problem of the subject supposed to know, and it is this structural feature that makes modern logic a privileged reference point for psychoanalysis — allowing it to pose the question of the analyst's existence in terms of quantification where the subject supposed to know is reduced to nothing.

     Consequently, there is no Oedipal experience in psychoanalysis. The Oedipus complex is the frame in which we can regulate the game.

223. #223

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.138

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **Seminar 13: Wednesday 13 March 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis is uniquely defined by the irreducibility of the language-effect as its object and by the constitutive division of the subject that no knowledge can exhaust — thereby distinguishing it from psychotherapy and from Hegelian absolute knowing — and grounds this in the structural difference between hysteria and obsession as two modes of the subject's relation to the repressed signifier.

     a psychoanalysis, standard or not, is the treatment that one expects from a psychoanalyst

224. #224

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.181

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **Seminar 13: Wednesday 13 March 1968** > **8 and 15 May 1968:** Notes

     Theoretical move: Lacan reframes the May 1968 student insurrection not as mere unruliness but as a structural phenomenon in which the relations between desire and knowledge are at stake, and argues that psychoanalysts bear a specific responsibility to these events precisely because psychoanalysis grounds the transmission of knowledge on lack and inadequacy—a responsibility they systematically evade.

     the responsibility of psychoanalysts. They are not at the university, and nevertheless the question of teaching is crucial for them.

225. #225

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.60

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 4: Wednesday 6 December 1967** > **Seminar 5: Wednesday 10 January 1968.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan introduces The Act as the constitutive inauguration of a beginning where none naturally exists, arguing that the act's structure is essentially signifying rather than efficacious-as-doing, and uses this framework to approach the psychoanalytic act specifically through the forced-choice logic of alienation ('either I do not think or I am not'), thereby linking the act to the splitting of the subject and the unconscious.

     a psychoanalyst presides... over an operation described as psychoanalysis which, in its principle, commands the suspension of every act.

226. #226

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.6

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 1: Wednesday 15 November 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan inaugurates the concept of the "psychoanalytic act" by distinguishing it from both motor activity/discharge (the physiologising, reflex-arc model favoured by ego-psychological theorists) and from mere action, arguing that an act is constitutively tied to a signifying inscription — and thereby implicates the Subject and the unconscious in a way that demands a wholly different theoretical framework.

     the act of the birth (l'acte de naissance, birth certificate) of psychoanalysis... if we pay very careful attention, we can see that the question of who knew it, is perhaps not without import here.

227. #227

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act (alt. translation) · Jacques Lacan · p.81

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 4: Wednesday 6 December 1967** > **Seminar 5: Wednesday 10 January 1968.** > **Seminar 6: Wednesday 17 January 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan reformulates Freud's "Wo Es war, soll Ich werden" as "Wo $ tat … muss Ich (o) werden" — where the barred subject acted, the analyst must become the waste-product (objet a) of the new order introduced — thereby defining the psychoanalytic act as a saying (un dire) that structurally supersedes Aristotelian virtue, Kantian universalism, religious intentionality, and the Hegelian-Marxist political act.

     what is outlined in terms of the psychoanalytic act? There where at the same time it is and it is not

228. #228

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.191

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > *Lecture of 19th June. 1968*

     Theoretical move: In this closing ceremonial address, Lacan reflects on the interrupted transmission of his theory of the psychoanalytic act, identifying Verleugnung (disavowal) as the concept he had reserved to articulate the analyst's position in relation to the Subject Supposed to Know, and situates the May '68 events as an unexpected enactment of the 'act' dimension his seminar had been developing.

     I wanted to give that as a title to my seminar... teaching psychoanalysis in the Faculty of Medicine

229. #229

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.6

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 1: Wednesday 15 November 1967**

     Theoretical move: Lacan inaugurates his seminar on the psychoanalytic act by arguing that 'act' cannot be reduced to motor activity or energetic discharge (as in ego-psychology and physiologising theories); rather, the act is constituted by its correlative inscription in the Symbolic order, thereby implicating the subject—and specifically the unconscious—in a way that distinguishes it categorically from mere action or behaviour.

     the act of the birth (l'acte de naissance, birth certificate) of psychoanalysis... Did this field that it organises, over which it reigns in more or less governing them, did this field exist before?

230. #230

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.122

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that modern logic is defined by its function of dissolving the problem of the Subject Supposed to Know, and that psychoanalysis can leverage logical quantification precisely because logic operates in a field where that subject is reduced to nothing — enabling analytical progress where institutional qualification has failed.

     it is precisely at the pre-genital levels that we have to recognise the function of the Oedipus complex. It is in this that psychoanalysis essentially consists.

231. #231

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.124

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **Seminar 11: Wednesday 28 February 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan frames the seminar's theoretical trajectory as oriented not toward a loose metaphorical use of "logic" but toward a rigorous, formal logical network that necessarily implicates the analytic act—positioning logic as constitutive of, not merely descriptive of, the analytic discourse.

     profoundly implicates each one of those who are listening to me here as analysts

232. #232

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.182

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **MEETING of 15 May 1968**

     Theoretical move: In the context of the May 1968 events, Lacan argues that psychoanalysts bear a structural responsibility toward the uprisings because the events fundamentally concern the relationship between desire and knowledge — a nexus that is properly psychoanalytic — and that Reich's theory of sexuality is formally contradicted by analytic experience, leaving the field of sexual relations theoretically unoccupied and open to anyone.

     I am not going to deny now what I always took care to repeat — am only addressing myself to psychoanalysts… psychoanalysts had responsibilities… they did not concern themselves much with what… fell no less directly under a certain heading, under a certain field, under a certain knot that is their own.

233. #233

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.23

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 2: Wednesday 22 November 1967.**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the psychoanalytic concept of the act (as distinct from mere motor activity) is constitutively signifying and only achieves its full status nachträglich, while simultaneously critiquing the reduction of transference to an intersubjective relation or a mere defensive concept by ego-psychological and American analytic orthodoxy.

     what is at stake is nothing less than whether analysis in itself is well founded or illusory

234. #234

     Seminar XV · The Psychoanalytic Act · Jacques Lacan · p.139

     **THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN** > **Seminar 10: Wednesday 21 February 1968** > **Seminar 13: Wednesday 13 March 1968**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis is defined not by a criterion external to it but by the psychoanalyst as instrument, and that the psychoanalytic act brings the subject to an awareness of its constitutive, irreducible division as a language-effect — a division that definitively refutes the Hegelian project of exhaustive self-knowledge (gnothi seauton / pour-soi) and is exemplified in the contrasting logical structures of hysteria and obsession.

     What is at stake in psychoanalysis is not at all a gnothi seauton but precisely a grasp of the limit of this gnothi seauton.

235. #235

     Seminar XVI · From an Other to the other · Jacques Lacan · p.280

     Seminar 18: Wednesday 30 April 1969

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the unquestioned presupposition of the Subject Supposed to Know—the assumption that knowledge is already organized somewhere—is the hidden theological core of idealism, and that psychoanalytic practice remains trapped in this idealism so long as it uncritically employs spatial metaphors (inside/outside, projection/introjection) derived from the camera-obscura model of representation.

     in what I have to articulate, which is solidary with it, namely psychoanalysis, I can only manage by getting across first of all what I solicited from the analysts: at least to have an up-to-date discourse about what they are effectively handling

236. #236

     Seminar XVI · From an Other to the other · Jacques Lacan · p.168

     Seminar 10: Wednesday 5 February 1969 > **Seminar 11: Wednesday 12 February 1969**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Pascal's wager as a structural matrix for desire, arguing that the objet petit a (the "o-object") has neither use nor exchange value but is precisely what animates the relationship of the subject to the word and to the act — thereby displacing Hegel's fight-to-the-death for pure prestige as the paradigm of risk, and grounding this in the Name of the Father as inaugurated by Freud.

     There is no psychoanalysis, I must say, that goes better, if one means by that the joy of the psychoanalyst.

237. #237

     Seminar XVI · From an Other to the other · Jacques Lacan · p.158

     Seminar 10: Wednesday 5 February 1969

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalytic practice requires a coherent theoretical framework (rather than mere analogical or empirical nose-following) to properly motivate the importance of clinical detail, distinguishing genuine structural insight from the mere aggregation of resemblances.

     it is a discourse that is of direct importance to bring some fresh air into our practice

238. #238

     Seminar XVI · From an Other to the other · Jacques Lacan · p.199

     Seminar 12: Wednesday 26 February 1969 > Seminar 13: Wednesday 5 March 1969

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalytic knowledge is constitutively related to—yet irreducible to—sexual knowledge: the drives are "montages" oriented toward satisfaction within a horizon that is the sexual, but the sexual act itself does not exist in any structural sense, and analytic knowledge is not a technique but a mode of "knowing how to be with it" (savoir y être) that reveals how one is always already in the sexual field without knowing it—a dupery that benefits no one and implicates all fields of knowledge.

     psychoanalysis has this function of maintaining this sort of hypnosis which means that after all it is quite true, huh, among us the sexual is maintained in an unprecedented torpor.

239. #239

     Seminar XVI · From an Other to the other · Jacques Lacan · p.162

     Seminar 10: Wednesday 5 February 1969 > **Seminar 11: Wednesday 12 February 1969**

     Theoretical move: Lacan advances a distinction between truth-as-cause (which speaks but does not "tell the truth") and knowledge, anchoring this in a re-reading of Pascal's wager as a structural problem about the existence of the Other and the Real, while drawing an analogy between Marxist surplus-value and surplus-jouissance to illuminate the political stakes of psychoanalytic theory.

     the most important decisions, in so far as they may be those of the psychoanalyst, may also coincide with those required at a key point in the social body, namely, the administration of knowledge, for example.

240. #240

     Seminar XVII · The Other Side of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.36

     **ANALYTICON** > **X:** You mean a relative deafness.

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that revolutionary aspiration inevitably collapses back into the Discourse of the Master, and that what dominates any society is "the practice of language" — a claim grounded in psychoanalytic evidence — while simultaneously accusing the student militants of unconsciously serving the very regime they oppose by performing enjoyment for it.

     it is progressive to see the psychoanalytic discourse established in so far as it completes the circle that could perhaps enable you to situate what exactly you are revolting against

241. #241

     Seminar XVII · The Other Side of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.213

     X: *[Inaudible]*

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes analytic discourse from philosophical discourse by grounding it exclusively in psychoanalytic experience, and argues that the structural feature of analytic discourse — its perpetual displacement from meaning — is the very condition that makes it the obverse complement to scientific discourse, which systematically excludes anxiety.

     The only reason I put them forward is because of a specific experience, the psychoanalytic experience.

242. #242

     Seminar XVIII · On a Discourse That Might Not Be a Semblance · Jacques Lacan · p.46

     **Seminar 3: Wednesday 10 February 1971**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that language is irreducibly metaphorical—the referent is always "real" precisely because it is ungraspable—and uses this to ground both surplus-jouissance (whose support is metonymy) and psychoanalysis's relationship to linguistics: psychoanalysis does not borrow from linguistics but rather moves within the same constitutive metaphoricity, with surplus-jouissance functioning as the sliding metonymic object that keeps discourse in motion.

     psychoanalysis for its part, moves about in this same metaphor under full sail

243. #243

     Seminar XIX · …or Worse · Jacques Lacan · p.12

     Seminar 1: Wednesday 8 December 1971

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the phallus is the signified of sexual discourse (not the signifier), that transsexualism and the common error both mistake the signifier for the organ, and that the non-existence of the sexual relationship requires a new logic built on the 'not-all', existence/quantification, and modality rather than naturalist or Aristotelian categories.

     the psychoanalyst… has not yet noticed that there is no sexual relationship, naturally, the role of playing providence for households haunts him

244. #244

     Seminar XIX · …or Worse · Jacques Lacan · p.156

     accommodate yourselves.

     Theoretical move: Through Recanati's intervention on Peirce, the passage argues that the universal quantifier cannot stand alone but requires a prior inscription of inexistence (negation as function), and that the repetition of inscribed inexistence—not bare inexistence—grounds logical and mathematical structures; this move aligns Peirce's logic of the continuous with Lacan's concerns about the Not-all and the grounding of the universal.

     what I am marking, is that it is not the same, because this is true, that it is not the same as the psychoanalytic discourse.

245. #245

     Seminar XIX bis · The Knowledge of the Psychoanalyst · Jacques Lacan · p.20

     The Psychoanalyst's Knowledge

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the "incomprehension of Lacan" is not a symptom, using this occasion to distinguish the symptom-as-truth-value (a one-directional equivalence introduced by Marxist thinking and refined by psychoanalysis) from mere misunderstanding or resistance, while also clarifying the structure of the Subject Supposed to Know as the ground of transference independently of any certainty about the analyst's actual knowledge.

     In psychoanalysis, it has to do with something which is the translation into words of its truth value.

246. #246

     Seminar XIX bis · The Knowledge of the Psychoanalyst · Jacques Lacan · p.6

     The Psychoanalyst's Knowledge

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the psychoanalyst's knowledge is constitutively bound to ignorance (not as deficit but as passion), and polemically distinguishes his own claim — that the unconscious is structured like a language (grammar and repetition, hence logic) — from misreadings that conflate this with lalangue-as-dictionary or that opportunistically promote "non-knowledge" as a flag, thereby obscuring that psychoanalysis is fundamentally a matter of knowledge.

     psychoanalysis has not, with respect to the angle that knowledge takes on there, psychoanalysis has not improved anything...Changing the basis of knowledge is not something that happens from one day to the next.

247. #247

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.154

     XII

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Freud's topographical regression is not a primary theoretical datum but a forced construction imposed by the internal paradox of his schema—the dissociation of perception and consciousness at opposite ends of the psychic apparatus—and that a more coherent schema would render the concept of regression unnecessary at this level.

     by comparison with Freud's attempt, behaviourist thought is a pure and simple sleight of hand

248. #248

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.30

     II > M. RIGUET: I agree.

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the symbolic invention retroactively generates its own past (illustrated by the discovery of √2 and analytic truth), and that all constituted knowledge contains an intrinsic error: the forgetting of truth's creative, nascent function—a forgetting that the analyst, uniquely, cannot afford.

     we analysts, we can't forget it, we who work in the dimension of this truth in its nascent state.

249. #249

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.78

     VI

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the seminar discussion of Freud's 'Beyond the Pleasure Principle' to argue that the compulsion to repeat—and the death instinct Freud derives from it—exceeds and cannot be reduced to the pleasure/homeostasis principle, thereby positioning the unconscious as irreducible to ego-psychology's therapeutic optimism and raising the question of whether psychoanalysis is a humanism.

     Is psychoanalysis a humanism? It's the same question as when I ask whether the autonomous ego is in the spirit of the Freudian discovery.

250. #250

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.104

     THE FR EUDIAN SCHEMATA OF TH E P S YCHIC APP ARATUS > Introduction to the Entwurf

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Freud's methodological text "Instincts and Their Vicissitudes" to argue that psychoanalytic conceptualisation is not empiricist in any naive sense but proceeds through iterative, convention-like abstractions that are progressively refined through their relation to observed material — thereby positioning Freud as a rigorous philosopher of science despite common dismissals.

     They say Freud isn't a philosopher. I don't mind, but I don't know of any text concerning the working up of scientific theory which is philosophically more profound.

251. #251

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.236

     XVIII

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that desire is irreducible to need or instinct and must be brought into existence through naming in the analytic act; resistance belongs to the analyst, not the subject; and the figure of Oedipus at Colonus enacts the Freudian "beyond the pleasure principle" as the point where destiny is fully realized and what remains exceeds any instinctual cycle.

     All it takes is to tell the patient - you don't realise it, but the object is here. That is at first sight what an interpretation seems to be like. Except it doesn't work.

252. #252

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.25

     II

     Theoretical move: By reading the Meno episode of the slave's geometry lesson, Lacan establishes a structural distinction between the Imaginary (intuitive, reminiscent, formal) and the Symbolic (irreducible, forcing, non-homogeneous with intuition), arguing that the Symbolic cannot be derived from the Imaginary and that this cleavage is the founding move for understanding the ego in Freudian — rather than general psychological — terms.

     If psychoanalysis isn't the concepts through which it is formulated and transmitted, it isn't psychoanalysis, it is something else

253. #253

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.267

     XVIII > Introduction of the big Other > Objectified analysis

     Theoretical move: This transitional passage pivots from a mechanical schema to a dramatic model (Molière's Amphitryon) as a vehicle for theorising psychoanalysis in the symbolic register, framing the literary figure of Sosie as an illustration of the "misadventures" of analysis.

     what I will call... the adventures - the misadventures even - of psychoanalysis

254. #254

     Seminar II · The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.23

     THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN > Psychology and metapsychology

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Ego Psychology's restoration of the "autonomous ego" as a central given represents a systematic betrayal of Freud's post-1920 metapsychological move, which was designed precisely to maintain the decentring of the subject; reading *Beyond the Pleasure Principle* as the pivotal, primary text of this last metapsychological period is thus indispensable for understanding the death drive and resisting the regression to general psychology.

     psychoanalysis as a technique, or if you prefer, as a ceremony, as a priesthood determined within a certain social context

255. #255

     Seminar XX · Encore: On Feminine Sexuality, the Limits of Love and Knowledge · Jacques Lacan · p.124

     **IX**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that every wisdom tradition—Taoism, Buddhism, mythology, Christianity—fails to satisfy the "thought of being" except at the price of castration, positioning psychoanalytic discourse as a contingent, non-mathematical pathway toward an economy of jouissance that science and religion alike cannot reach.

     mythology has also come to something in the form of psychoanalysis.

256. #256

     Seminar XX · Encore: On Feminine Sexuality, the Limits of Love and Knowledge · Jacques Lacan · p.98

     **VII** > A love letter *(une lettre d'amour)*

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes analytic discourse from both Aristotelian cosmology and scientific discourse by locating the speaking being's reality at the level of fantasy and the unconscious, then pivots to the question of feminine jouissance and its relation to the Other, arguing that woman—like man—is subjected to an Other that may or may not "know" the jouissance she experiences beyond the phallic game.

     Psychoanalysis, insofar as it derives its very possibility from the discourse of science, is not a cosmology, though it suffices for man to dream for him to see reemerge this immense bric-a-brac

257. #257

     Seminar XXII · R.S.I. · Jacques Lacan · p.36

     **Introduction** > **Seminar 3: Tuesday 14 January 1975**

     Theoretical move: Lacan deploys the Borromean knot as a material figure of "consistency" — a real, non-linguistic holding-together that underlies the knotting of the three registers (Real, Symbolic, Imaginary) — and uses this to argue that topology, not geometry, is the proper medium for grasping what psychoanalysis works on, while also implicating number (via Peano's successor axiom) and the dimension of the spoken being (dit-mansion) in the same problematic.

     what is implied by the fact that psychoanalysis works?

258. #258

     Seminar XXIV · L'insu que sait de l'une-bévue s'aile à mourre · Jacques Lacan · p.47

     So then what is this lack? > **Seminar 4: Wednesday 11 January 1977**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Knowledge (as unconscious signifier-effects) and Truth have no relation to one another, that the unconscious is structured as signifier-effects rather than philosophy, and that psychoanalysis is a 'scientific delusion' awaiting a science it may never produce — pivoting through the Four Discourses, the Borromean Knot, and the parlêtre to situate the irreducibility of the Real to matter.

     Psychoanalysis, - I have said it, I repeated it quite recently, - is not a science... It is a delusion from which one is awaiting a science to be brought forth.

259. #259

     Seminar XXIV · L'insu que sait de l'une-bévue s'aile à mourre · Jacques Lacan · p.13

     **Seminar 1: Wednesday 16 November 1976** > **Seminar 2: Wednesday 14 December 1976**

     Theoretical move: Lacan advances the thesis that the structure of man (and the living body) is toric rather than spheroidal, and uses this topology to reframe the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious as a double Möbius strip cut from a torus — displacing any notion of psychic "progress" and redefining the une-bévue (mis-hearing/blunder) as the structural condition of the signifier's exchange value.

     Psychoanalysis notably is not a progress, it is a practical approach to feeling better...Psychoanalysis, it must be clearly said turns round in the same circle. It is the modern form of faith, of religious faith.

260. #260

     Seminar XXV · The Moment to Conclude · Jacques Lacan · p.102

     **X**: What does systematising mean? [*Laughter]* > **Annexe to Session VIII** > **Seminar 12: Tuesday 9 May 1978**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the topological operations on the torus, Möbius strip, and Borromean plait are not merely formal exercises but reveal the structural gap between the Imaginary and the Real — a gap that constitutes inhibition — and that this triadic RSI structure is intrinsic to psychoanalysis, specifically to distinguishing representation from object.

     The relationship of the Imaginary of the Symbolic and of the Real, is something which belongs by essence to psychoanalysis... the primacy of fabric is essentially what is necessitated by the highlighting of what is involved in the stuff of a psychoanalysis.

261. #261

     Seminar XXV · The Moment to Conclude · Jacques Lacan · p.2

     **Seminar I: Wednesday 15 November 1977**

     Theoretical move: Lacan opens his final seminar by positioning psychoanalysis as an irrefutable practice of equivocation (not a science), grounding this in the non-existence of the sexual relationship, the inadequation of the Symbolic to the Real, and the analyst's function as rhetor — then transitions to topological exploration of the Borromean knot and torus as structural models for the RSI (Real-Symbolic-Imaginary) articulation.

     psychoanalysis is to be taken seriously, even though it is not a science. It is even not a science in any way. Because the problem is, as someone called Karl Popper has superabundantly shown, is that it is not a science because it is irrefutable.

262. #262

     Seminar XXV · The Moment to Conclude · Jacques Lacan · p.85

     **X**: What does systematising mean? [*Laughter]* > **Annexe to Session VIII** > **Seminar 10: Tuesday 11 April 1978**

     Theoretical move: Lacan reconfigures the topological grounding of psychoanalysis by moving from a simple Möbius strip to a doubled/tripled one that flattens into a threefold knot, arguing that the absence of the sexual relationship—screened by the incest prohibition and crystallised around the Oedipus myth—requires a material geometry of thread and fabric rather than a metaphorics of thought, because the passage from signifier to signified always involves a loss that mere 'free association' cannot overcome.

     There is no sexual relationship, except for neighbouring generations... This is the foundation of psychoanalysis.

263. #263

     Seminar III · The Psychoses · Jacques Lacan · p.248

     **XVIII** > **An address: Freud in the century** > **1**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Freud's discovery belongs irreducibly to the field of the signifier — not to biography, sexuality, or intuition — and that the current deformation of psychoanalysis into ego-orthopedics and object-relations represents a fundamental misrecognition of this literal, deciphering dimension that Freud himself enacted in dream-interpretation.

     Psychoanalysis is as far removed as is possible from any form of intuitionism. It has nothing to do with this hasty, short-circuited understanding that so simplifies and limits its significance.

264. #264

     Seminar III · The Psychoses · Jacques Lacan · p.256

     **XVIII** > **An address: Freud in the century** > **1**

     Theoretical move: Lacan identifies the central question animating all of Freud's work as how the symbolic order — the system of signifiers constituting law, truth, and justice — seizes an animal who has no natural need for it, producing neurotic suffering and guilt; from this he derives the thesis that psychoanalysis must be understood as the science of language inhabited by the subject, fundamentally anti-humanist and anti-egological.

     Psychoanalysis should be the science of language inhabited by the subject.

265. #265

     Seminar III · The Psychoses · Jacques Lacan

     **II** > **Ill** > **The Other and psychosis**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses a polemical aside about analytic literature to set up a methodological contrast: the analyst's clinical practice demands the abolition of personal judgment toward patient utterances, whereas the accumulated body of psychoanalytic literature is marked by flagrant, unacknowledged contradictions around basic concepts — implicitly motivating Lacan's own rigorous conceptual return.

     nobody seems to perceive the flagrant and permanent contradictions that are brought into play whenever basic concepts arise.

266. #266

     Seminar III · The Psychoses · Jacques Lacan · p.308

     **XXIII** > **XXIV** > **"Thou art"**

     Theoretical move: Lacan repositions the existentialist notion of "openness of being" as philosophically inadequate for analytic work, proposing instead that being's openness must be re-situated within determinate "gaps of being" that psychoanalytic experience reveals—while also previewing the following year's seminar theme on object relations, phobia objects, and fetishes.

     to take these determinants as determined is to propel psychoanalysis down the path of the prejudices of science, which lets the entire essence of human reality escape.

267. #267

     Seminar V · Formations of the Unconscious · Jacques Lacan · p.170

     **FORECLOSURE OF THE NAME-OF -THE-FATHER** > **THE PATERNAL METAPHOR**

     Theoretical move: The passage uses the analytic technique of boredom as a transitional framing device, positioning it as constitutive of professional analytic practice, before pivoting to announce that the dialectic of the signifier is located at the level of the big Other — from which the function of the Name-of-the-Father must be approached.

     Think in particular of everything in your analytic practice that has been very precisely set up to make you bored. Being bored, that's the key.

268. #268

     Seminar VI · Desire and Its Interpretation · Jacques Lacan · p.277

     THE DESIRE TRAP

     Theoretical move: Lacan reads Hamlet's play-within-the-play scene not merely as a strategic ruse to expose Claudius but as Hamlet's attempt to construct a "fictional structure of truth" that orients him with respect to his own desire—and identifies the analyst's position with Hamlet's intermediary role of stepping "between" subject and desire.

     it is here that we analysts must intervene, 'between her and her...,' that is our job. 'Conceit in weakest bodies strongest works' is an appeal addressed to us analysts.

269. #269

     Seminar VI · Desire and Its Interpretation · Jacques Lacan · p.288

     THE MOTHER'S DESIRE

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Hamlet's dramatic power derives not from Shakespeare's personal biography but from the play's structural composition as a space where desire finds its place; he then critiques the standard psychoanalytic (Jonesian/Oedipal) reading of Hamlet's paralysis, exposing its non-dialectical character and pointing toward the need for a more rigorous structural account of why two positive impulses cancel each other out.

     What I am working on here is psychoanalytic theory. Compared to the theoretical question whether psychoanalysis can adequately discuss works of art, any sort of clinical question is one that falls under the heading of applied psychoanalysis.

270. #270

     Seminar VI · Desire and Its Interpretation · Jacques Lacan · p.266

     THE DESIRE TRAP

     Theoretical move: Lacan introduces Hamlet as the paradigmatic "tragedy of desire," using a survey of competing critical traditions (Goethe/Coleridge's psychological inwardness, Klein/Werder's externalism, and Jones's psychoanalytic third way) to establish the methodological frame that the difficulty in Hamlet is internal to the task itself—i.e., structurally tied to desire rather than to intellect or circumstance.

     the third direction, the one Jones associates with psychoanalysis... should serve us as a lesson in method.

271. #271

     Seminar VII · The Ethics of Psychoanalysis · Jacques Lacan · p.191

     **XIV** > **Love of one's neighbor**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Freud's engagement with the commandment to love one's neighbor (from *Civilization and Its Discontents*) as the pivot for a meditation on the death of God, the Name-of-the-Father, and the political/ethical consequences of Freud's demystification of the paternal function, arguing that the "truth about truth" must be approached step by step rather than through metaphysical pretension.

     There, too, where he was truly the father, the father of us all, the father of psychoanalysis, what did he do but hand it over to the women, and also perhaps to the master-fools?

272. #272

     Seminar VIII · Transference · Jacques Lacan · p.40

     **Jacques Lacan** > **THE M AINSPRING OF LOVE** > <span id="page-31-0"></span>**SET A N D CHARACTERS**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses the structural features of the Symposium's narrative transmission—its layered oral "brain recording," the repeated scholarly evasion of the Alcibiades scene, and Socrates' self-claimed expertise solely in love—to position the dialogue as an analogue of psychoanalytic sessions, thereby establishing that the relationship between love and transference is the real theoretical stake of his seminar.

     we are going to take the Symposium as a sort of account of psychoanalytic sessions. For it is indeed a question of something like that.

273. #273

     Seminar VIII · Transference · Jacques Lacan · p.85

     **M EDICAL H A R M O N Y** > *ERYXIM ACHUS*

     Theoretical move: Lacan reads Eryximachus' speech in Plato's Symposium as staging the foundational antinomy between concord-from-similarity and concord-from-dissimilarity/conflict, using it to illuminate topology's "full and empty," the pre-Socratic logic of contraries (Heraclitus), and—obliquely—the definition of psychoanalysis as "the science of the erotics of bodies." The comic register of the Symposium is foregrounded as philosophically significant, not merely ornamental.

     medicine is the science of the erotics of bodies… No better definition, can, it seems to me, be given of psychoanalysis.

274. #274

     Seminar VIII · Transference · Jacques Lacan · p.33

     **Jacques Lacan** > **THE M AINSPRING OF LOVE** > <span id="page-31-0"></span>**SET A N D CHARACTERS**

     Theoretical move: Lacan frames the *Symposium* as the privileged textual introduction to his seminar on transference, using the scandalous encounter between Alcibiades and Socrates—and the broader figure of Alcibiades as an exemplar of seduction, fascination, and the limits of love—to set the scene for a psychoanalytic investigation of what is at stake in transference.

     my position and objective, which, let it not be forgotten, is specifically that of psychoanalytic practice

275. #275

     Seminar VIII · Transference · Jacques Lacan · p.29

     **Jacques Lacan** > <span id="page-15-0"></span>**IN THE BEG IN N IN G WAS LOVE**

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that the analytic relationship is not reducible to a neutral "situation" but is constituted by a high-degree sublimation of libidinal investment, making love — not well-being — the proper telos of analysis; he thus announces a return to the philosophical tradition on love (via Plato's Symposium) to supply what psychoanalytic literature has entirely neglected.

     isn't it astonishing that we analysts - who make use of love and talk about nothing else - can be said to present ourselves as truly deficient when compared to this tradition?

276. #276

     Seminar VIII · Transference · Jacques Lacan · p.83

     **M EDICAL H A R M O N Y** > *ERYXIM ACHUS*

     Theoretical move: Lacan uses Eryximachus' medical speech in the Symposium to argue that transference reformulates the Platonic search for 'a good' (ktésis) into the emergence of desire as such — and that medicine's self-conception as scientific rests on an unexamined notion of harmony (harmonia) that exposes the irreducible gap at the heart of any normative ideal of health.

     what show - all by themselves, especially for we psychiatrists and psychoanalysts - how problematic the idea of health is, are the very means we use to achieve a state of health.

277. #277

     Seminar IX · Identification · Jacques Lacan · p.229

     *Seminar 21*: *Wednesday 23 May 1962*

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that classical logic's universality (the Eulerian circle, *dictum de omni et nullo*) is grounded in nullifiability, and that what logic truly circles around is not extensional inclusion but the object of desire — the "whirlwind" or hole at the centre of the concept (*Begriff*). The cut (la coupure), as a closed and nullifiable line, is the structural origin of signification, and the death drive names the condition under which life perpetually twists around a void rather than simply opposing the inanimate.

     we have for example psychoanalysts; and it is obviously much more complicated because psychoanalysts begin to make us enter into the order of existential definition. We enter into it by way of the condition.

278. #278

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.70

     III. The Triumph of Religion

     Theoretical move: Lacan sharply distinguishes psychoanalytic speech from religious confession, arguing that the analytic setting is not confessional but oriented toward free speech about anything; religion's potential triumph over psychoanalysis is explained not by any structural resemblance between the two but by religion's constitutive invincibility.

     In analysis, we begin by explaining to people that they are not there in order to confess. It is the first step of the art. They are there to talk - to talk about anything.

279. #279

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.90

     It is a philosophical problem.

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes his analytical project from philosophy by grounding the Real, the Symbolic, and the Imaginary as three functional "ropes" that keep analytic practice rigorous, not as philosophical propositions — and defends the "Kant with Sade" article as a genuine theoretical intervention that went unrecognized.

     I strive to say things that tally with my experience as an analyst... I try to spell out the conditions required for analysis to be serious and effective.

280. #280

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.82

     V. The Word BringsJouissance

     Theoretical move: Lacan reframes the Gospel of John's "In the beginning was the Word" by insisting that the Word precedes the beginning and is the fundamental condition of human suffering ('ravaged by the Word'), while simultaneously grounding the clinical practice of analysis in the Word as a source of jouissance — the reason analysands return.

     For analysis at least, it is true, in the beginning is the Word. If that weren't the case, I can't see what the hell we would be doing together.

281. #281

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.78

     IV. Closing in on the Symptom

     Theoretical move: Lacan defends the productive opacity of the Écrits as a formal feature rather than an accidental one, while positioning the Freudian unconscious as a genuinely unprecedented discovery, and introduces the concept of the 'parlêtre' (speaking being) as his own reformulation of the unconscious, tying language and sexuality together in a way that psychoanalysis uniquely illuminates—before religion re-absorbs the symptom.

     I don't think that psychoanalysis holds any key whatsoever to the future. But it will have been a privileged moment in which one will have had a fair dose of what in my discourse I call the speaking being.

282. #282

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.71

     You are convinced that religion will triumph?

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that religion will triumph over psychoanalysis and science precisely because it is structurally equipped to produce meaning for the distress generated by the Real that science continually expands; religion's resilience lies in its inexhaustible capacity to suture the gap between the Real and human experience with meaning.

     It will triumph not only over psychoanalysis but over lots of other things too.

283. #283

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.83

     VI. Getting Used to the Real

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that if the Real becomes sufficiently invasive and destructive, the only imaginable escape—a collective severing from reality—would render psychoanalysis obsolete; but rather than calling this 'collective schizophrenia,' he reframes it as the triumph of true religion, turning a psychiatric diagnosis into a theological-structural observation.

     Shouldn't we, on the contrary, deliver man from reality [reel]? Then psychoanalysis would have no further reason for being.

284. #284

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.63

     I. Governing, Educating, and Analyzing

     Theoretical move: The passage uses Freud's triad of "impossible" positions—governing, educating, analyzing—to argue that the analytic function is historically novel and structurally distinct, and that its very novelty casts a "glancing light" on the other two functions; this asymmetry is precisely what Lacan's Four Discourses formalize.

     The analyst, on the other hand, has no tradition. He is a total newcomer. Thus, among the impossible positions, a new one happened to arise.

285. #285

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.73

     What do you mean by "the true religion "?

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that Christianity's inexhaustible capacity to generate meaning will ultimately absorb and neutralize psychoanalysis by drowning the analytic symptom in religious signification, while the analyst persists only as a symptom of the Real that religion works to repress.

     you will see that humanity will be cured of psychoanalysis. By drowning the symptom in meaning, in religious meaning naturally, people will manage to repress it.

286. #286

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.68

     II. The Anxiety of Scientists

     Theoretical move: Lacan repositions the Real as that which "doesn't work" — what escapes the smooth functioning of the world — and uses scientists' anxiety attacks over dangerous biology as a foil to argue that analysts, who deal exclusively with the Real, face an even more impossible profession than science, governance, or education.

     Analysis is an even more impossible profession than the others... psychoanalysis is concerned especially with what doesn't work.

287. #287

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.72

     Will psychoanalysis become a religion?

     Theoretical move: Lacan argues that psychoanalysis is a symptom of civilization's discontents—arising correlatively with scientific discourse—and warns that rather than holding to the real of the symptom, culture will generate an excess of meaning that feeds both established religion and new pseudo-religions, threatening to absorb psychoanalysis into the religious.

     Psychoanalysis did not arise at just any old historical moment. It arose correlative to a major step, to a certain step forward made by scientific discourse.

288. #288

     The Triumph of Religion · Jacques Lacan · p.10

     Lecture Announcement

     Theoretical move: This lecture announcement frames Lacan's ethics seminars as a challenge to normalization in analytic practice and to religious monopoly on morality, positioning Freud's articulation of the unconscious as capable of grounding an ethics that goes beyond hedonism, altruism, and phenomenological critique — centering Das Ding and the Name of the Father as the structural pivots of desire and moral law.

     Will it shrink in analytic practice to the ideals of normalization, ideals whose widespread circulation will offer a curious spectacle?

289. #289

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.7

     About the Book

     Theoretical move: This passage is a non-substantive book description / abstract outlining a "negative psychoanalysis" project oriented against therapeutic positivity, with no theoretical argumentation developed.

     It explores the possibility of negative psychoanalysis, which would embrace the disaster of human existence instead of adopting positive escapist positions.

290. #290

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.15

     <span id="page-8-0"></span>Introduction: Welcome to Hell

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the psychotherapeutic "positive orientation" of contemporary society constitutes a collective disavowal of a foundational inner negativity or deadness, and that psychoanalysis — despite Freud's self-distinction from religion's consolation function — largely replicates religion's salvational logic by promising deliverance from suffering rather than confronting the constitutive negativity of existence.

     Freud criticised religion and regarded it as one of his most formidable rivals… Freud contrasts his psychoanalysis to religion as offering a more realistic and less comforting comprehension of the world.

291. #291

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.19

     <span id="page-8-0"></span>Introduction: Welcome to Hell

     Theoretical move: Reshe argues that the death drive constitutes an irreparable "negative insight" that undermines psychoanalysis from within, revealing it as a self-defeating practice: the therapeutic frame structurally contradicts—and thereby cancels—any genuine acknowledgement of suffering as constitutive and incurable, making the psychoanalyst a fraud and psychoanalysis itself a living-dead institution.

     Since the curse of the negative psychoanalytic insight, psychoanalysis has functioned as a breakdown of itself. It is a disappointment, a negation and rejection and a failure of itself.

292. #292

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.21

     <span id="page-8-0"></span>Introduction: Welcome to Hell

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that conventional psychoanalysis, psychology, and therapeutic culture are defence mechanisms that alienate suffering from the subject by pathologising it, while Zapffe's "depressive realism" — pushed further than Freud's own pessimism — reveals that inner pain is constitutive of human existence rather than a deviation from health, thereby grounding the book's anti-therapeutic, radically negative psychoanalytic project.

     Zapffe saw the practice of psychoanalysis as part of this structure; it finds and consolidates justifications for life. It directly employs palliative measures, comforting the painful consciousness with faith in the possibility of healing and salvation.

293. #293

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.26

     <span id="page-23-0"></span>The Living Dead: Destructive Plasticity > The Unfixable Ones

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that Malabou's account of the irreparably wounded "living dead" should be extended into a universal negative-anthropological condition: rather than distinguishing traumatised from non-traumatised subjects, the author proposes that all living beings are constitutively dead-on-arrival, with apparent vitality amounting only to a better-disguised illusion of having overcome foundational, unhealable trauma.

     By building on and subverting the language of psychoanalysis and neuro-disciplines, she extends them in the negative direction, making them operational for comprehending tragic lives.

294. #294

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.29

     <span id="page-23-0"></span>The Living Dead: Destructive Plasticity > Limitations of Freud's Trauma Theory

     Theoretical move: The passage traces a theoretical arc within Freud's work from a reparative model of trauma (foreign body removable by psychoanalytic cure) through an infiltrate model (trauma as constitutive residue), to the introduction of the death drive in 'Beyond the Pleasure Principle', which forces recognition of trauma as a constitutive kernel of the psyche rather than a deviation from a healthy norm—thereby undermining the coherence-restoring aim of early psychoanalytic therapy.

     This initial conceptualisation of trauma becomes a theoretical justification for the practice of psychoanalysis.

295. #295

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.32

     <span id="page-23-0"></span>The Living Dead: Destructive Plasticity > The Formative Power of Destruction

     Theoretical move: Drawing on Catherine Malabou's critique, the passage argues that both Freud and Lacan fail to conceptualise trauma as genuinely formative and irreparable: the death drive is domesticated back under the pleasure principle, and the Real's intrusion is assumed to be ultimately assimilable, leaving psychoanalysis unable to think the 'living dead' — a new posttraumatic subject formed by destruction itself, without continuity or possibility of restoration.

     The conventional psychoanalytic framework doesn't properly recognise the possibility of the impossibility of healing. It is in terms of possible healing that it exclusively operates.

296. #296

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.35

     <span id="page-23-0"></span>The Living Dead: Destructive Plasticity > Destructive Plasticity in Neuroscience

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that conventional neuroscience, like conventional thought generally, imposes a teleological-positive framework that renders destructive brain processes secondary; by inverting this hierarchy and treating neuroapoptosis, synaptic pruning, and long-term depression as the primary formative forces, it establishes destructive plasticity as the ontological core of neuroplasticity itself—making the psyche, healing, and learning fundamentally negative and incurable processes.

     If plasticity is negative and the psyche of each of us is the product of it, the idea of healing seen as a positive process that replaces the negative one is not valid.

297. #297

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.47

     <span id="page-23-0"></span>The Living Dead: Destructive Plasticity > ŽiŽek's Response > Destructive Plasticity as the Only Plasticity

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that Žižek and Malabou's restriction of destructive plasticity to a special sub-group of subjects (the 'living dead') implicitly preserves a norm/pathology distinction and a residual hope of non-traumatic development, and that genuine universalisation of destructive plasticity — recognising every living being as already a living dead — requires collapsing that distinction entirely.

     Malabou attempts to reach beyond psychoanalysis questioning whether the very framework of psychoanalysis is suitable for this goal

298. #298

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.60

     <span id="page-53-0"></span>Destructive Plasticity, War, and Anarchism: A Conversation Between Catherine Malabou and Julie Reshe

     Theoretical move: Malabou and Reshe argue that the concept of "destructive plasticity" offers a more politically and clinically adequate framework than traditional Marxist or capitalist categories for understanding contemporary trauma and war, while also insisting that anarchism requires philosophical reinforcement to become a viable critical alternative—culminating in the Freudian injunction to build intellectual barriers against the unconscious fantasy of immortality.

     when I wrote the book, I was hoping that new cooperation between psychoanalysis and neurology would develop... new neuropsychoanalytic techniques, etc., they are very limited.

299. #299

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.82

     <span id="page-62-0"></span>Dead Together: Love Hurts > The Negative Dialectics of the Individual and Society > The Negative and the Political

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that ideology and politics are constitutively unable to acknowledge the death drive and structural lack, whereas a negatively-oriented psychoanalysis (drawing on the later Freud) resists all positive programmes of salvation — a divergence that both disqualifies psychoanalysis from conventional politics and radicalises it as a form of 'negative dialectics' of subject and society.

     Unlike politics and conventional psychology, psychoanalysis is more negatively oriented… psychoanalysis, if it devotedly follows its own negative insight, could not aim at the betterment and at the common good.

300. #300

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.85

     <span id="page-62-0"></span>Dead Together: Love Hurts > The Negative Dialectics of the Individual and Society > The Negative and the Political

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that Freudo-Marxist "negative psychoanalysis" ultimately shares the same happiness-oriented telos as the conformist psychologies it critiques, because it treats negative affects only as a temporary revolutionary instrument; only the later Freud's tragic account of the death drive as constitutive—rather than an obstacle to be overcome—can break with this framework.

     Critical theory suggests that under the capitalist order, psychoanalysis can only be negative. Such psychoanalysis aims to expose the subject to reveal her sociality and emancipate sadness that would serve as a revolutionary force of solidarity.

301. #301

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.107

     <span id="page-92-0"></span>The Death Drive, Politics, and Love: A Conversation Between Todd McGowan and Julie Reshe

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that existentialism gestures toward the death drive through its affective categories (Angst, despair, being-towards-death) but ultimately betrays it by offering a compensatory benefit (authenticity, overcoming bad faith), whereas a genuinely negative psychoanalysis would refuse all such rewards — with art emerging as the only practice that is faithful to the death drive precisely because its 'benefit' is immanent to the self-destructive process itself, not a subsequent reward.

     Both Freud, and late Freud, and Lacan they're still trying to ameliorate suffering, so it's still a positive project... Can psychoanalysis exist as a negative project?

302. #302

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.138

     <span id="page-126-0"></span>Human Animal, Positive Psychology, and Trauma: A Conversation Between Alenka Zupancič and Julie Reshe ̌

     Theoretical move: Zupančič argues that psychoanalysis uniquely enables access to the structural causes of suffering by attending to the signifier rather than pre-established therapeutic schemas; suppression of the unconscious through positive-thinking regimes or pharmaceuticals does not eliminate its content but forecloses it, producing a return of the Real — a logic she homologizes to the climate crisis as a structural surplus-waste problem.

     This is also why psychoanalysis is so important in respect to the question of how to bring about a true, consequential change in things.

303. #303

     Negative Psychoanalysis for the Living Dead: Philosophical Pessimism and the Death Drive · Julie Reshe · p.143

     <span id="page-138-0"></span>Epilogue: No Salvation

     Theoretical move: The epilogue proposes "negative psychoanalysis" as a practice that refuses salvation, expertise, and positive consolation, remaining faithful to the negative insight that nothing can save us—a self-cancelling praxis that mirrors the constitutive rupture of the subject and the social bond itself.

     Unlike conventional psychoanalysis, it would not attempt to rehabilitate itself in its intention to help and to heal but would remain on the other side in relation to it.

304. #304

     A Voice and Nothing More · Mladen Dolar · p.198

     Silence > The dog

     Theoretical move: Dolar argues that Deleuze and Guattari's concept of deterritorialization of the mouth converges with Freud's drive theory, and that both lines — voice and food — meet in the objet petit a; Kafka's "ultimate science" of freedom is then identified retroactively as psychoanalysis, the science capable of taking this intersection as its object.

     Kafka lacks the proper word for it, he cannot name it—this is 1922—but he had only to look around... Of course—psychoanalysis.

305. #305

     A Voice and Nothing More · Mladen Dolar · p.9

     Series Foreword

     Theoretical move: The series foreword argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis functions as a privileged instrument of "short-circuit" reading—a critical procedure that crosses incongruous textual/conceptual registers to expose the disavowed presuppositions and unthought of canonical texts, producing decentering rather than mere desublimation.

     the underlying premise of the series is that Lacanian psychoanalysis is a privileged instrument of such an approach, whose purpose is to illuminate a standard text or ideological formation

306. #306

     A Voice and Nothing More · Mladen Dolar · p.192

     Silence > The dog

     Theoretical move: By reading Kafka's "Investigations of a Dog," Dolar traces how the acousmatic voice-from-nowhere (objet petit a as pure resonance) converges with the enigma of food to identify objet petit a as the common-source intersection of voice and nourishment—both passing through the mouth in mutual exclusion—while also theorising psychoanalysis as the abandonment of childhood rather than its retrieval.

     Psychoanalysis is on the side of the young dog who decides to grow up, to leave behind 'the blissful life of a young dog,' to start his investigations, turn to research, pursue a quest.

307. #307

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     Introduction

     Theoretical move: The passage uses the Falstaff-Hal and Rosalind-Orlando dynamics in Shakespeare as allegorical demonstrations of how imaginative play can disrupt the repetition compulsion of paternal authority (superego) and the regressive pull of maternal wish-fulfilment (id), positioning Shakespeare's therapeutic imagination as an alternative to Freud's resigned acceptance of fate's harsh reductions.

     The man who kills his prisoners in France and who hangs poor Bardolph is the son of the grotesque father whose cycle Falstaff, the inspired psychoanalyst, tries to break.

308. #308

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     The Ego and the Id

     Theoretical move: Freud introduces the structural distinction between ego and id by arguing that the ego develops from the perceptual surface of the psychic apparatus, while the id names the unconscious remainder; this move reframes the topographical (Cs/Ucs/Pcs) model by showing that the ego itself is partly unconscious, and that word-notions are the mechanism by which inner processes gain access to consciousness.

     we do so by generating precisely such Pcs intermediary links through our psychoanalytical work

309. #309

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     X

     Theoretical move: Freud critiques Adler's and Rank's accounts of neurotic susceptibility, ultimately arguing that neurosis is determined not by any single cause but by quantitative ratios among biological, phylogenetic, and psychological factors—with repression, the compulsion to repeat, and the ego/id conflict as the core psychoanalytic mechanisms.

     What psychoanalysis enables us to say is less simple and less satisfying... When in the course of psychoanalysis we give the ego the requisite help that enables it to lift its repressions, it recovers its power over the repressed id.

310. #310

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     The Conscious and the Unconscious

     Theoretical move: Freud argues that the descriptive conscious/unconscious distinction must be replaced by a structural and dynamic tripartite topology (Cs/Pcs/Ucs), and then further complicated by the discovery that part of the ego itself is unconscious—rendering 'unconsciousness' a multivalent quality rather than a single definitive category, and obliging a shift from the Cs/Ucs antithesis to the structural opposition between the coherent ego and the repressed split from it.

     The division of the psychic realm into the conscious and the unconscious is the fundamental premiss of psychoanalysis; it alone enables psychoanalysis to understand the pathological processes that are such a common and important feature of psychic life.

311. #311

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     The Ego and the Id

     Theoretical move: Freud positions 'The Ego and the Id' as a synthesis rather than speculation, explicitly situating it as an elaboration of 'Beyond the Pleasure Principle' that is now more firmly grounded in psychoanalytic observation—thereby asserting psychoanalysis's autonomous theoretical path distinct from biology and non-psychoanalytic contributions.

     it does not make any further borrowings from biology, however, and in consequence is much closer to psychoanalysis than Beyond the Pleasure Principle was.

312. #312

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings · Sigmund Freud

     Remembering, Repeating, and Working Through

     Theoretical move: Freud argues that the analyst's central technical task is to contain the patient's compulsion to repeat within the transference as a controlled "playground," transforming acting-out into memory and ultimately into a workable transference neurosis; the decisive therapeutic change comes not from identifying resistance but from working through it—a phase that distinguishes analysis from suggestion-based therapy.

     it is the phase of treatment that effects the biggest change in the patient, and which distinguishes psychoanalytical treatment from any form of suggestion-based therapy.

313. #313

     Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism · Frank Ruda

     Freud against the Illusion of Psychical Freedom > *Einfall*: Associate Freely Now!

     Theoretical move: Free association, far from enacting psychical freedom, operates as a coercive rule that exposes unconscious determination: by repeating the illusion of freedom it simultaneously dismantles it, thereby revealing a concept of freedom internal to—rather than opposed to—determinism.

     Free association and psychoanalysis are thus co-emergent. This may be one of the reasons why free association is commonly referred to even by Freud as 'the Fundamental Technical Rule,' as the Grundregel of psychoanalytic practice.

314. #314

     Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism · Frank Ruda

     <span id="unp-ruda-0019.xhtml_p177" class="page"></span> <a href="#unp-ruda-0009.xhtml_toc" class="xref">Notes</a> > 1. Protestant Fatalism

     Theoretical move: This passage is a non-substantive endnotes section for Chapter 1 ("Protestant Fatalism"), listing bibliographic references to Luther, Erasmus, Diderot, Sartre, Weber, Adorno, Žižek, Badiou, and others, with one notable citation of an unpublished manuscript connecting Luther with Lacan.

     Felix Ensslin, Die Entbehrung des Absoluten: Luther mit Lacan, unpublished manuscript, 2009.

315. #315

     Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism · Frank Ruda · p.151

     Freud against the Illusion of Psychical Freedom > Determinism in the Holes

     Theoretical move: Ruda deploys Freud's psychical determinism to argue that the apparent freedom of choice is structurally undermined by a gap in its own causality—the very hole where unconscious determination operates—such that freedom itself, when taken at its word, admits to being determined, pointing toward free association as the paradoxical proof of total psychical determination.

     One possible answer lies in psychoanalytic practice itself and its most fundamental principle: free association. After all, couldn't we say that, in the end, psychoanalysis does rely on a concept of freedom, namely the freedom of free association?

316. #316

     Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism · Frank Ruda

     Freud against the Illusion of Psychical Freedom > <span id="unp-ruda-0017.xhtml_p141" class="page"></span>Atta Choice! Countering the Presence of an Illusion

     Theoretical move: Ruda argues that Freudian psychoanalysis installs a forced choice for psychical determinism over free will—a choice predetermined by determinism itself—revealing that the belief in psychical freedom is a culturally produced illusion (wishful reversal) that repression sustains, while true rationalist-materialist universalism requires accepting full psychical causality, including the cracks and ruptures the unconscious introduces into apparent causality.

     psychoanalysis cannot but be a theory of resistances against itself.

317. #317

     Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism · Frank Ruda

     Freud against the Illusion of Psychical Freedom > Driven Destiny Makes a Voice

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the Freudian drive *is* destiny (Triebschicksale = tautology), because drives are the constant, inescapable force that determines the subject from within, and the four modes of drive-destiny (reversal, turning against the self, repression, sublimation) are defense formations that never abolish what they defend against—meaning psychoanalysis is a rationalist theory of psychical determinism that collapses the distinction between fate and will.

     psychoanalysis as rationalist theory of psychical determinism (i.e., of the drive and of the resistances against it) is ultimately a witty version of fatalism

318. #318

     The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within · Mari Ruti · p.45

     1. *The Singularity of Being* > *When Miracles Happen* > *The Call of Character*

     Theoretical move: The passage distinguishes two faces of surplus drive-energy (undeadness): one that locks the subject into hegemonic symbolic investitures (the "vampire") and one that ruptures sociality and summons the subject to its singular jouissance (the "daimon/miracle"), arguing that psychoanalytic practice is precisely the site where the latter can be cultivated by attending to the eccentric, unsaid, and idiosyncratic pulse of the signifier.

     the clinical practice of analysis could be said to be a space for the cultivation of character in precisely this sense.

319. #319

     The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within · Mari Ruti · p.65

     2. *The Rewriting of Destiny* > *The Agency of the Signifi er*

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the subject's confrontation with its constitutive lack—rather than being a mere heroic sacrifice—is precisely what enables it to reclaim agency over the signifier from the Other, thereby transforming symbolic mortification into a resource for desire, resistance to trauma, and self-directed meaning-production. Psychoanalysis is distinguished from psychology by its orientation toward the signifier as the site where "destiny" can be rewritten.

     what distinguishes psychoanalysis from 'mere' psychology is exactly the fact that it recognizes that it is through the signifier that our tenacious 'destiny' can be modified

320. #320

     The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within · Mari Ruti · p.49

     2. *The Rewriting of Destiny*

     Theoretical move: Fantasy is theorized as fate-defining precisely because it gives the repetition compulsion its content, sutures the subject's lack, fills the gaps of the big Other, and thereby embeds jouissance within normative ideological structures—dissolving fantasy is therefore recast as a rare existential act of rewriting psychic destiny and reclaiming singularity.

     one of the main tasks of psychoanalysis is to enable us to replace our passive (unconscious) fantasies by an active capacity to reconfigure our fate

321. #321

     The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within · Mari Ruti · p.26

     1. *The Singularity of Being*

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that trauma and its unconscious repetition—rather than deliberate self-cultivation—constitute the singular ground of subjectivity, thereby reorienting psychoanalysis away from Aristotelian character-formation and Cartesian rational certainty toward a subject defined by what remains involuntarily unknown and repeated.

     psychoanalysis defines itself 'in terms of traumas and their persistence'

322. #322

     Read My Desire: Lacan Against the Historicists · Joan Copjec

     **Cutting Up** > **Cause and the Law**

     Theoretical move: Copjec distinguishes Lacan's concept of cause from both the covering-law (Newtonian) model and Hart & Honoré's norm/deviation model, arguing that Lacan radicalises the insight that cause is tied to failure and absence by grounding it in the materiality of language rather than psychology, and by treating the body as an incomplete symbolic construct—thereby aligning cause with the unconscious as something never present in the field of consciousness it effects.

     The principle of sufficient reason, the belief that everything must have a cause, is absolutely central to the psychoanalytic project, which would have been inconceivable before the historical assertion of this principle.

323. #323

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.291

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c20_r1.xhtml_page_273" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="273"></span>*20*

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the limits of knowledge in love and grief are not deficiencies but constitutive dimensions of intimate bonds, and that psychoanalysis teaches not perfect transparency but a tolerant, even productive relation to irreducible unknowing — in others and in oneself.

     the deepest lesson we have to learn from what Freud called his 'talking cure'—that long, tough, soul-labor of lying hour after hour and saying whatever comes to mind, we know not from where nor why—is that our most intimate bonds with others crucially touch upon things we do not and cannot know

324. #324

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.41

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c05_r1.xhtml_page_39" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="39"></span>*5*

     Theoretical move: The passage performs a live demonstration of free association on the analytic couch, illustrating how the analyst's minimal interventions (repetition, silence, well-timed questions) function as quilting points that retroactively reorganize the analysand's speech, and how the unconscious says more than is consciously intended—the most basic tenet Lacan's teaching according to the author.

     I'm obeying the basic rule of psychoanalysis: to say whatever comes into your head, however apparently trivial or irrelevant, even nonsensical.

325. #325

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.278

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c20_r1.xhtml_page_273" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="273"></span>*20*

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that relinquishing the demand to know—including the unknowable reasons behind a loved one's suicide—paradoxically enables a deeper form of love and presence; the void opened by death becomes the very condition for renewed intimacy, structurally paralleling Lacanian insights about lack as constitutive of desire and the Real as that which always escapes symbolization.

     My time in analysis was undeniably helpful, giving me a far deeper knowledge of myself than I ever thought possible and liberating me from some of the more self-inflicted tangles of pain.

326. #326

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.11

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c02_r1.xhtml_page_8" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="8"></span><span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c02_r1.xhtml_page_9" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="9"></span>*2*

     Theoretical move: The passage performs an autobiographical-theoretical pivot: the author's grief-driven compulsion to *know* what led to his son's suicide, and his subsequent entry into analysis, set up the book's central argument that analytic work ultimately displaces the demand for knowledge with an acceptance of unknowing — a move that challenges the author's own philosophical commitments to theoretical clarity.

     It wasn't fear of killing myself that led me to a psychoanalyst, but the burning need to know.

327. #327

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.255

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c18_r1.xhtml_page_239" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="239"></span>*18*

     Theoretical move: The passage performs a first-person phenomenological account of grief-induced unknowing, using the encounter with the suicide weapon as an occasion to raise the question of whether psychoanalysis is inherently a "tragic art" that brings the subject up against an irreducible limit of self-knowledge rather than resolution.

     Is psychoanalysis finally a tragic art, a process of bringing us up against the foundations of our lives, the soul-shaping circumstances and relationships that have always been flawed or broken, but that are finally rooted in things that remain mostly unfathomable?

328. #328

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.244

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c18_r1.xhtml_page_239" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="239"></span>*18*

     Theoretical move: The passage performs a clinical-autobiographical move in which the analysand's attempt to assume total guilt is itself identified as a defensive maneuver—a neurotic alibi that reinstates ego-mastery against the more destabilizing analytic revelations of self-deception and hidden aggression, while simultaneously raising the question of the limits of psychoanalytic interpretation when applied to another's life and death.

     This whole labor of analysis seems, if anything, to have increased my sense of guilt. It has revealed my dodges and self-deceits. It's stripped me of a whole battery of comforting illusions.

329. #329

     Blown Away: Refinding Life After My Son's Suicide · Richard Boothby · p.203

     <span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c14_r1.xhtml_page_198" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="198"></span><span id="Boot_9781635422610_epub3_c14_r1.xhtml_page_199" class="pagebreak" role="doc-pagebreak" title="199"></span>*14*

     Theoretical move: The passage stages a classic analytic move: the analysand's resistance to self-knowledge (contempt for "pat Freudian formulas") is itself interpreted as a defence against a painful discovery — that projected opacity onto the other (ex-wife, son) screens disavowed rage within the self, illustrating how projection and denial function in the transference relationship.

     Freud had his Ratman and his Wolfman. Are we to have a Turtleman as well? Isn't it all too formulaic, an overwrought exercise in navel-gazing?

330. #330

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby · p.8

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Introduction</span><span id="ch0.xhtml_p1" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 1. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span> Returning to Metapsychology > To Recall Freud's Witch

     Theoretical move: The passage establishes the Death Drive as the most contested and rejected concept in Freud's metapsychology, then argues that rehabilitating it—by reconceiving the grand opposition between Eros and death down to the microincrements of psychical operation—is the central theoretical task of the book.

     the postulation of a death instinct we now know was based on a misapplication of physical principles to living organisms. Today it is only an interesting part of psychoanalytic history.

331. #331

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby

     <span id="ch6.xhtml_p281" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 281. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span>Conclusion > 8. The Truth in Fiction

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the *objet a* is the nodal point where truth and fiction are knotted together, and that the Freudian-Lacanian insight into the subject's unavoidable immersion in myth/fiction is precisely what defines the distinctive contribution of psychoanalysis as a philosophy—error is not opposed to truth but is its privileged site of emergence.

     What is peculiar to the field of psychoanalysis is indeed the presupposition that the subject's discourse normally unfolds... within the order of error, of misrecognition, even of negation

332. #332

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby · p.15

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Introduction</span><span id="ch0.xhtml_p1" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 1. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span> Returning to Metapsychology > The Lacanian Return to Freud

     Theoretical move: Boothby poses the central tension of his project: Lacan's "return to Freud" appears to replace Freudian energetics with the algebra of the signifier, yet he argues this apparent betrayal is possible precisely because Freud's own metapsychology contains a latent content that only Lacanian concepts can bring to light.

     what makes Lacan's 'return' possible is Freud's complex relation to himself, the way in which Freud's invention of psychoanalysis allowed him to glimpse something that Freud himself could not fully articulate

333. #333

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby · p.3

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Introduction</span><span id="ch0.xhtml_p1" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 1. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span> Returning to Metapsychology > To Recall Freud's Witch

     Theoretical move: Boothby argues that Freudian metapsychology is coextensive with psychoanalytic theory as such, and that its central—if problematic—pillar is the concept of psychical energy, which undergirds everything from displacement and condensation to repression, narcissism, and the dual drive theory; the repeated attacks on metapsychology are therefore nothing less than attacks on the theoretical foundation of psychoanalysis itself.

     If the term 'psychoanalysis' refers first of all to a therapeutic technique, a method of engaging the speaking subject in the interpersonal field of the transference, it was by means of metapsychology that Freud sought to place psychoanalytic experience within a comprehensive account of the working of the mind.

334. #334

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Chapter One </span><span id="ch1.xhtml_p17" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 17. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span>Toward the Unthought Ground of Thought

     Theoretical move: The passage stakes out a methodological position: rather than accepting the meaning of Freud's doctrine as already settled and moving to its philosophical implications, it proposes a re-reading oriented toward determining the meaning of Freudian metapsychology by constructing a fresh conceptual frame drawn from phenomenology and philosophy of life.

     Most philosophical evaluations of psychoanalysis accept the basic meaning of the Freudian doctrine as given from the outset and immediately pass on to its philosophical implications

335. #335

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby · p.61

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Chapter One </span><span id="ch1.xhtml_p17" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 17. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span>Toward the Unthought Ground of Thought > The Gestaltist Ontology of Merleau-Ponty

     Theoretical move: Merleau-Ponty's concept of the "flesh" as a dispositional, figure-ground field is mobilized to reframe psychoanalytic theory: the Freudian unconscious is recast not as a hidden depth behind consciousness but as the constitutive ontological background out of which figures of consciousness emerge — analogous to the blind spot (*punctum caecum*) that makes seeing possible.

     he thus asserts that 'the philosophy of Freud is not a philosophy of the body but of the flesh—The Id, the unconscious—and the Ego (correlative) to be understood on the basis of the flesh'

336. #336

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Introduction</span><span id="ch0.xhtml_p1" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 1. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span> Returning to Metapsychology

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the persistent rejection of Freud's metapsychology is based on fundamental misunderstanding, and that recovering metapsychology is essential for grasping the genuine philosophical radicality of Freud's thought—without it, psychoanalysis collapses into merely a talking therapy defined by the Oedipus and castration complexes.

     Psychoanalytic therapy is struggling to survive under pressure from behavioral and cognitive techniques and from a burgeoning industry of psychopharmacology.

337. #337

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Chapter 2 </span><span id="ch2.xhtml_p71" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 71. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span>Between the Image and the Word

     Theoretical move: The passage sets up a programmatic argument that the core of psychoanalysis lies at the intersection of imagistic (perceptual/Gestaltist) and verbal (linguistic) functions, framing this intersection as the key to re-grounding Freud's metapsychology.

     the real heart of psychoanalysis is located precisely at the intersection of imagistic and verbal functions

338. #338

     Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan · Richard Boothby · p.65

     <span class="chnum ordinal">Chapter One </span><span id="ch1.xhtml_p17" class="pagebreak" aria-label=" page 17. " role="doc-pagebreak"></span>Toward the Unthought Ground of Thought > The Unthought Ground of Thought in the Freudian Unconscious

     Theoretical move: Boothby argues that psychoanalysis occupies a privileged position among the human sciences because it uniquely targets the "unthought ground" of thought—what he calls the dispositional field—rather than remaining within the space of the representable; Foucault's reading of *Las Meninas* and of the cogito/unthought dyad, together with Freud's early holistic neurology and his theory of condensation/displacement, are marshalled to show that psychoanalytic interpretation is nothing other than the excavation and restructuring of this conditioning field.

     Psychoanalysis, the archaeology of the unthought, is a science of the dispositional field.

339. #339

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.232

     The Writing on the Wall

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that Heidegger's concept of idle talk (Gerede) and Freud's illustration of everyday discourse in the dream of Irma's injection are historically and theoretically convergent, and that Lacan's theorization of "empty speech" / "full speech" represents the fullest synthesis of both, constituting a psychoanalytic account of everyday talk.

     Psychoanalysis glimpses from Dasein only the mode of fallenness and its urge. It posits this constitution as authentically human and objectifies [the human being] with his 'drives'

340. #340

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.259

     The Writing on the Wall > First and Final Words > **The Opening Song of Analysis**

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that empty speech, far from being merely deficient, performs a foundational symbolic function—the formation of community and the assurance of being—thereby establishing it as the necessary opening condition of psychoanalysis rather than a mere obstacle to full speech.

     More than barriers to psychoanalysis, however, these fallen ways of speaking are its primary points of departure.

341. #341

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.270

     The Writing on the Wall > First and Final Words > **Truth from Behind**

     Theoretical move: Empty speech and errant chatter are not obstacles to but rather the necessary pathway for analytic truth: through slips, stammers, and disfluencies, the discourse of the unconscious (the Other) irrupts into the analysand's empty speech, converting error into the condition of possibility for full speech and resubjectivization.

     the pathway of chatter [le voie de bavardage]... and in the free associations generated by the patient's 'constant chatting'... psychoanalysis finds 'its means of action and even its modes of examination'

342. #342

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.255

     The Writing on the Wall > First and Final Words > **Where I Was**

     Theoretical move: By reading Lacan's spatial grammar of "where" (où) in his re-analysis of the dream of Irma's injection, the passage argues that the moi/je split is a topological-temporal event of resubjectivization: the subject's assumption of its history through speech addressed to another is the founding gesture of psychoanalytic technique.

     This assumption by the subject of his history, insofar as it is constituted by speech addressed to another, is clearly the basis of the new method Freud called psychoanalysis.

343. #343

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.22

     Abbreviations in Text Citations > **A Usable Past** > **Talk and Thought**

     Theoretical move: The passage situates a conceptual history of "everyday talk" (chatter, idle talk, empty speech) across Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Lacan, arguing that their marginal concept of quotidian speech carries a hidden systematicity that also constitutes a critique of theoretical elites' own susceptibility to chattering minds.

     post- Freudian psychoanalysis— it also intersects with the 'Cambridge School' of linguistic contextualism

344. #344

     The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk · Samuel McCormick · p.337

     A Play of Props > Index

     Theoretical move: This is a book index (non-substantive back-matter) listing key terms, persons, and concepts from a study of everyday talk; it contains no independent theoretical argument.

     psychoanalysis, 11, 220, 244, 245, 247, 249– 51, 260, 287; and chatter, 257

345. #345

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou · p.13

     Self > Preface

     Theoretical move: The passage establishes a programmatic argument that a genuinely materialist psychoanalysis must engage with the life sciences, and proposes a four-category taxonomy (theorizable/treatable) to map the limits and possibilities of Freudian-Lacanian analysis when confronted with neuroscientific findings, particularly neuropathologies—defending the position that such cases belong to a 'theorizable but not treatable' category rather than being wholly outside analytic reach.

     I maintain that a genuinely materialist and empirically up-to-date psychoanalysis can and should be arrived at through Lacanianizing non-Lacanian neuro-psychoanalysis.

346. #346

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou · p.29

     Part I. > Introduction > From the Passionate Soul t o t h e E m o t i o n a l B r a i n

     Theoretical move: The passage stakes out a programmatic confrontation between neurobiology, Continental philosophy, and psychoanalysis around the question of whether the "emotional brain" merely repeats or genuinely deconstructs the classical motif of autoaffection, proposing in its place a model of an originary "deserted subject" that is not present to itself.

     psychoanalysis, as well as contemporary Continental philosophy, has attempted precisely the production of a strong critique of autoaffection and its supposed priority

347. #347

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou · p.36

     Part I. > Introduction > The Issue of Wonder

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that wonder (*admiratio*) occupies a structurally ambiguous position between autoaffection and heteroaffection, and that this ambiguity makes it a privileged site for the philosophical, psychoanalytic, and neurobiological redefinition of subjectivity — with the neurobiological possibility of the total *loss* of wonder representing the one deconstruction of subjectivity that philosophy and psychoanalysis have not yet theorized.

     The second term of this alternative is envisaged today only by neurobiologists, never by philosophers or psychoanalysts.

348. #348

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou · p.53

     3. > The Neural Self

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that contemporary neurobiology, by positing a plastic, distributed, and non-fixed neural substrate for subjectivity, structurally reopens Freud's abandoned 1895 "Project" and creates the conditions for a neuro-psychoanalytic rapprochement—one in which the self is neither a static essence nor a consciously self-present structure, but an open, affect-modifiable formation whose damage is simultaneously damage to subjectivity itself.

     a new trend in neurology, 'neuro-psychoanalysis,' is gaining influence and power.

349. #349

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou · p.139

     10. > F r e u d 's M e ta p s y c h o l o g i e s of Affective Life

     Theoretical move: By carefully parsing Freud's 1915 German terminology (Affektbildung, Affektbetrag, Affekt-qua-Gefühl, Empfindung), the passage argues that Freud's metapsychology of affect is more complex and less consistent than both Lacanian and Anglo-American inheritors acknowledge, and that Pulver's clinical categories of "unconscious affects" and "potential affects" largely rediscover distinctions already latent in Freud—setting up a critique of Lacan's tendency to reduce affect to a secondary by-product of ideational-representational structure.

     A core component of Lacan's 'return to Freud' is the effort to address this Anglo-American weakness through an insistence on reading Freud to the letter, taking seriously the devils residing in the details of his writings

350. #350

     Self and Emotional Life: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, and Neuroscience · Adrian Johnston & Catherine Malabou

     13. > The Paradoxes of the Principle of Constancy

     Theoretical move: The passage frames a novel interdisciplinary confrontation between psychoanalysis, neurobiology, and Continental philosophy, arguing that contemporary neuroscience's discovery of nonconscious, pre-cognitive affects demands a redefinition of psychic life and issues a challenge to both psychoanalysis and philosophy.

     a confrontation between psychoanalysis, neurobiology, and Continental philosophy has not been attempted before

351. #351

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     The Conscious and the Unconscious

     Theoretical move: Freud argues that the topographical distinction between Conscious/Preconscious/Unconscious must be supplemented—and partially replaced—by a structural distinction between the coherent ego and the repressed, because the discovery that the ego itself harbors an unconscious, non-repressed component reveals the inadequacy of 'unconsciousness' as a simple binary or dynamic category.

     The division of the psychic realm into the conscious and the unconscious is the fundamental premiss of psychoanalysis; it alone enables psychoanalysis to understand the pathological processes that are such a common and important feature of psychic life.

352. #352

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     I

     Theoretical move: Freud establishes the theoretical necessity of a primary narcissism by tracing the concept from its clinical origins through schizophrenia, childhood, and "primitive" thought, thereby justifying the differentiation of ego-libido from object-libido and grounding psychoanalysis in empirical observation rather than speculative theory.

     The latter will not envy speculation its privilege of resting upon neat and tidy foundations of unassailable logic, but will gladly make do with nebulously evanescent, scarcely conceivable basic ideas, hoping to grasp them more clearly as they develop.

353. #353

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     The Ego and the Id

     Theoretical move: Freud frames *The Ego and the Id* as a synthesis that develops the speculative ideas of *Beyond the Pleasure Principle* by grounding them in psychoanalytic observation, while asserting the autonomy and distinctive perspective of psychoanalysis relative to neighbouring disciplines.

     it does not make any further borrowings from biology, however, and in consequence is much closer to psychoanalysis than Beyond the Pleasure Principle was

354. #354

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     Remembering, Repeating, and Working Through

     Theoretical move: Freud argues that the compulsion to repeat, rather than being simply suppressed, must be harnessed via the transference as a controlled "playground" that converts acting-out into remembering; the working-through of resistances — not mere identification of them — is the decisive therapeutic operation that distinguishes psychoanalysis from suggestion.

     This process of working through the resistances… is the phase of treatment that effects the biggest change in the patient, and which distinguishes psychoanalytical treatment from any form of suggestion-based therapy

355. #355

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     Introduction

     Theoretical move: The passage uses Falstaff and Rosalind as exemplary figures of a psychoanalytically-inflected imagination that resists both the regressive superego (Falstaff's demystification of paternal authority) and the oceanic id (Rosalind's complication of erotic reduction), arguing that Shakespearean imagination offers an alternative to Freud's resigned acceptance of civilizational constraint.

     Falstaff, the inspired psychoanalyst, tries to break. Perhaps Shakespeare can imagine no other kind of effective king – if so, he is deeply Freudian

356. #356

     Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings (alt. ed.) · Sigmund Freud

     I

     Theoretical move: Freud defends the libido theory's biological grounding and its methodological priority in psychoanalytic work against Jung's claim that its failure to explain dementia praecox (schizophrenia) invalidates it for the neuroses, insisting the antagonism between ego drives and sexual drives remains the productive working hypothesis derived from analysis of transference neuroses.

     it is far more expedient to try to see what light can be thrown on these fundamental biological puzzles by a synthesis of psychological phenomena.

357. #357

     Reading Marx · Slavoj Žižek, Frank Ruda & Agon Hamza

     *Unexpected Reunions*

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that reading Marx today requires a philosophical act of "profanation" — de-sacralizing a canonized "Saint Marx" — in order to restore the singular, historically-situated revolutionary edge of Marxist thought against its ideological domestication through omission, distortion, and assimilation.

     repression, distortion, omittance, 'amelioration,' denial, the cover-up, simplification, betrayal, vulgarization, evasion, disregard, malapropism

358. #358

     Sex and the Failed Absolute · Slavoj Žižek

     **Sex and the Failed Absolute** > Intellectual Intuition and *Intellectus Archetypus*: Reflexivity in Kant and Hegel > Notes

     Theoretical move: This is a notes/bibliography section, mostly non-substantive, but contains two theoretically load-bearing asides: (1) a distinction between the Kantian sublime and the "nuclear sublime" as a force irrepresentable within phenomenal reality; (2) a claim that psychoanalysis already *is* synthesis (not its opposite); and (3) a characterization of Hegelian reconciliation as an irreducible parallax between triumph and resigned defeat.

     it is meaningless to demand that psychoanalysis should be supplemented by psycho-synthesis, re-establishing the organic unity of the person shattered by psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis already is this synthesis.

359. #359

     Sex and the Failed Absolute · Slavoj Žižek

     **Sex and the Failed Absolute** > [Index](#contents.xhtml_end2)

     Theoretical move: This is a non-substantive passage consisting of index entries (P–S) from Žižek's *Sex and the Failed Absolute*, listing topics and their page locations with no argumentative content.

     psychoanalysis abstraction [here] contingency [here] freedom and [here] Hegelian logic [here] language [here]

360. #360

     The Sublime Object of Ideology · Slavoj Žižek

     Introduction

     Theoretical move: Žižek argues that the visible Habermas-Foucault debate masks a theoretically more fundamental opposition—the Althusser-Lacan debate—and that Habermas's systematic avoidance of both figures (Lacan treated only in chains of equivalence, Althusser not mentioned at all) is symptomatic rather than accidental.

     Lacanian theory is not, then, perceived as a specific entity; it is - to use Laclau and Mouffe's term - always articulated in a series of equivalences.

361. #361

     The Sublime Object of Ideology · Slavoj Žižek

     PREFACE

     Theoretical move: Žižek argues that the correct theoretical move is to read psychoanalysis through Hegelian dialectics (and vice versa), rehabilitating both by showing that Sublation (Aufhebung) is not a return to living totality but an irreversible mortification — and that the 'absolute power' of Understanding is properly located not in the mind but in things themselves as inherent negativity.

     The Sublime Object of Ideology tries to answer this question by way of rehabilitating psychoanalysis in its philosophical core

362. #362

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.169

     Alenka Zupancˇ icˇ

     Theoretical move: Zupančič argues that the Lacanian subject is not one object among others but the objective embodiment of reality's inherent contradiction/impossibility, and that a genuinely materialist thinking must pass through the subject rather than eliminating it, because the Real of reality's antagonism is only accessible via the subject's irreducible excessiveness.

     this is what makes psychoanalysis a materialist theory (and practice): it starts by thinking a problem/difficulty/contradiction, not by trying to think the world such as it is independently of the subject.

363. #363

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.144

     Adrian Johnston > Žižek continues:

     Theoretical move: Johnston argues that "transcendental materialism" is a philosophically conditioned position responsive to evental breaks in the life sciences (the Darwin- and Hebb-events), distinguishing his project from both Badiou's mathematics-oriented conditioning and the speculative realist/OOO tendency to simultaneously lag behind scientific ruptures and overshoot present knowledge unchecked by empirical friction.

     By no means whatsoever do I advocate collapsing philosophy (and/or psychoanalysis) into science.

364. #364

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.128

     From *Intellectus Ectypus* to *Intellectus Archetypus* > Notes

     Theoretical move: This is a notes/bibliography section accompanying a chapter on Kant, Hegel, and Schelling; it contains minimal independent theoretical argumentation, with brief substantive glosses on diabolical evil, the nuclear sublime, psychoanalysis-as-synthesis, and Hegelian reconciliation-as-parallax.

     it is meaningless to demand that psychoanalysis should be supplemented by psycho-synthesis, reestablishing the organic unity of the person shattered by psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis already is this synthesis.

365. #365

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.49

     Mladen Dolar > Freud's Materialism

     Theoretical move: Dolar argues that Freud's departure from scientific materialism is not a rejection but a radicalization of it: by pushing mechanism, determinism, monism, reductionism, and scientism to their outermost consequences, psychoanalysis discovers a crack or inner break within each—a 'less than nothing' that persists without ontological substance—thereby converging, by an entirely different route, with Hegel's 'substance is subject.'

     This is the central paradox if one is to approach the question of materialism in psychoanalysis... It is only by bringing this program to the extreme, to its outermost consequences, that the object of psychoanalysis appears as its inner edge, not as an unaccountable outer limit.

366. #366

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.137

     Adrian Johnston > Žižek continues:

     Theoretical move: Johnston defends Žižek's materialist position against Harman's idealist misreading by arguing that the denial of the world-as-whole is not anti-realism but a Hegelian move to include subjectivity within substance; simultaneously, Johnston defends his own neuro-psychoanalytic project against critics (Chiesa, Pluth) who wrongly cast interdisciplinary exchange as a zero-sum contest, and clarifies that positing continuity between the barred Real and the barred Symbolic does not collapse their distinction but reflects a dialectical identity-in-difference.

     my sole loyalty is to truth . . . The one-and-only outcome from encounters between disciplines I root for is the possible emergence of true knowledge (not the definitive, unilateral victory of a preferred-ahead-of-time discipline over other disciplines).

367. #367

     Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism · Russell Sbriglia & Slavoj Žižek (eds.) · p.15

     Russell Sbriglia and Slavoj Žižek

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that both cultural materialism and the new materialisms/realisms target the same Cartesian cogito-subject that German Idealism and psychoanalysis had already decentered; from the Lacano-Hegelian standpoint, the subject at stake is not the ego but the unconscious, making both "deaths of the subject" theoretically belated.

     such a subject was already decentered long ago, first, by German Idealism, and then by psychoanalysis.

368. #368

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.163

     <span id="page-156-0"></span>Psychoanalysis and Science > **The Three Registers and Differently "Polarized" Discourses**

     Theoretical move: Lacan's late discourse theory in Seminar XXI reorganizes discourses not by agent/position (as in the four discourses) but by the sequential *order* in which the three registers (RSI/IRS/etc.) are traversed, and this allows Fink to argue that psychoanalysis—as an IRS discourse that "imagines the real of the symbolic"—is a praxis unifying theory and clinical practice, sharing this orientation with mathematics and potentially the best of science.

     the IRS classification thus allows us to talk about psychoanalytic theory *and* practice in the same terms: it characterizes psychoanalysis as a *praxis.*

369. #369

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.103

     <span id="page-101-0"></span>Object (a): Cause of Desire

     Theoretical move: Fink establishes Objet petit a as Lacan's most significant and polyvalent contribution to psychoanalysis, cataloguing its many avatars and situating it across the registers of the imaginary, symbolic, and real as a prerequisite for systematic exposition in the chapter ahead.

     Can a concept which is so highly polyvalent be of any value to the constitution of psychoanalysis as a significant discourse, much less as a science?

370. #370

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.165

     <span id="page-156-0"></span>Psychoanalysis and Science > **The Status of Psychoanalysis**

     Theoretical move: Psychoanalysis is positioned as a distinct, independent discourse that shares formal features with scientific discourse (both being "IRS discourses") without being reducible to science; rather, psychoanalysis illuminates the structural conditions of scientific discourse itself, while pursuing its own forms of rigor through mathemization and clinical differentiation.

     psychoanalysis is not a science, but a discourse that allows us to understand the structure and operation of scientific discourse at a certain fundamental level.

371. #371

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink

     <span id="page-156-0"></span>Psychoanalysis and Science

     Theoretical move: The passage challenges the naive positivist conception of Science as a monolithic, axiomatic enterprise by pointing to the actual plurality and contestation within the history and philosophy of science, thereby clearing theoretical ground for a non-dismissive appraisal of psychoanalysis's scientific status.

     THE STATUS of psychoanalysis with respect to science is generally discussed in America in the most naive of terms.

372. #372

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.141

     THE PHALLUS: ONE OF W~ S PARTNERS > *The Truth of Psychoanalysis*

     Theoretical move: Lacan distinguishes between mathematical truth (le vrai), which is axiomatic and meaning-free, and the singular truth of psychoanalysis — that there is no sexual relationship — the analytic task being to bring the subject into encounter with this latter truth.

     The only truth of psychoanalysis, according to Lacan, is that there is no such thing as a sexual relationship

373. #373

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.158

     <span id="page-156-0"></span>Psychoanalysis and Science > Science as Discourse

     Theoretical move: By treating science as a discourse rather than a privileged epistemological category, Fink deploys Lacan's discourse theory to dethrone Science and show that its claim to rationality is merely one among several competing discursional logics, some of which are mappable onto the university or hysteric's discourse.

     One useful way of understanding the relationship between psychoanalytic discourse and scientific discourse is, it seems to me, in terms of Lacan's contribution to discourse theory in the 1970s, starting in Seminar XXI.

374. #374

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.156

     THE PHALLUS: ONE OF W~ S PARTNERS > **The Social Situation of Psychoanalysis**

     Theoretical move: Fink argues that the power struggles endemic to psychoanalytic institutions are not inherent to analytic discourse itself, but result from analysts adopting other discourses (master's, university, etc.) once institutionalization begins — thereby distinguishing the Discourse of the Analyst as a pure clinical form from the sociopolitical compromises forced upon psychoanalysis as a social practice.

     psychoanalysis becomes one political lobbyist among many and can do no more than attempt to defend its right to exist in ever-changing political contexts

375. #375

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.157

     THE PHALLUS: ONE OF W~ S PARTNERS > **There's No Such Thing** as a **Metalanguage**

     Theoretical move: Psychoanalysis does not occupy an Archimedean point outside discourse but rather elucidates discourse's structure from within; every discourse entails a constitutive loss of jouissance and a dissimulated truth, making metalanguage impossible.

     Psychoanalysis' claim to fame does not reside in providing an archimedean point outside of discourse, but simply in elucidating the structure of discourse itself.

376. #376

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.91

     <span id="page-53-0"></span>**The Lacanian Subject** > **The Signified**

     Theoretical move: Lacan's theory of metaphor is leveraged to distinguish between ordinary "understanding" (assimilation of signifiers into a pre-existing chain, which is imaginary) and a "true" transformative process at the border of the symbolic and the real, where new meaning is created and the subject is implicated — making "insight" irrelevant to the analytic process.

     something changes, and that is the point of Lacanian analysis as well: something takes place at the border of the symbolic and the real which has nothing to do with understanding.

377. #377

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.172

     <span id="page-156-0"></span>Psychoanalysis and Science > **The Ethics of Lacanian Psychoanalysis**

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis in the United States is reduced to a disembodied textual corpus because it lacks the clinical and institutional praxis through which the discourse is transmitted in France; genuine transmission requires subjective experience, not merely publications.

     For Lacan's discourse to come alive here, his clinical approach will have to be introduced alongside his texts, through analysis, supervision, and clinical work, that is, through subjective experience.

378. #378

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.55

     <span id="page-53-0"></span>**The Lacanian Subject**

     Theoretical move: Lacan uniquely defends both structure and subjectivity simultaneously, treating the subject not as a demonstrable entity but as a necessary theoretical construct—analogous to Freud's "second phase" of fantasy—without which psychoanalytic experience cannot be accounted for.

     It does, however, seem to be a necessary assumption for Lacan, a construct without which psychoanalytic experience cannot be accounted for.

379. #379

     The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance · Bruce Fink · p.45

     <span id="page-42-0"></span>The Creative Function of the Word: The Symbolic and the Real

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the Real is not simply temporally prior to language but is constitutively defined as that which resists or has not yet been symbolized; the Symbolic's "cutting into" the Real produces Reality (existence), while the Real itself only "ex-sists" outside language — a distinction with direct ethical and clinical consequences for Lacanian versus other psychoanalytic practice.

     From a Lacanian perspective, the presupposition of psychoanalysis has always been that the symbolic can have an impact upon the real, ciphering and thereby transforming or reducing it.

380. #380

     The Real Gaze: Film Theory After Lacan · Todd McGowan · p.133

     **The Intermixing of Desire and Fantasy**

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that the "cinema of integration" sustains neurotic fantasy's supplementation of ideology by obscuring the gap between desire and fantasy, whereas Freudian normality—and psychoanalysis—works to separate them so that the gaze can be encountered as ideology's constitutive failure rather than domesticated by fantasy.

     psychoanalysis aims at normalizing subjects in the precise sense that Freud defines the term. The psychoanalytic process works not to eliminate fantasy, but to create the strict separation between desire and fantasy

381. #381

     Theory Keywords · Various · p.62

     **Pleasure Principle**

     Theoretical move: This passage works as a keyword glossary, deploying several core Freudian and Lacanian concepts—Pleasure Principle, Preconscious, Psychoanalysis, Psychosis, and Point de capiton—each illustrated by a canonical quotation, with the quilting-point entry making the strongest theoretical move: the retroactive logic of narrative closure masks the radical contingency of any signifying chain.

     it is precisely the assumptions underlying this review that are questioned by psychoanalysis: the assumptions that our theories of the world are detached from our position as subjects within it.

382. #382

     Žižek Responds! · Todd McGowan & Dominik Finkelde (eds.) · p.90

     Žižek Responds! > [Slavoj Žižek’s Hegel](#contents.xhtml_ch4)^{<a href="#4_slavoj_ieks_hegel.xhtml_en4-1" id="4_slavoj_ieks_hegel.xhtml_nr4-1">1</a>} > I

     Theoretical move: The passage introduces Žižek's *Less than Nothing* as a serious attempt to "reanimate or reactualize" Hegel through Lacanian metapsychology in a materialist form, arguing that standard objections to Hegel (hyper-rationalist holism, reconciliation philosophy, triumphalism) attack a straw man, and that a properly understood Hegel reveals significant overlap with his ostensible critics (Schelling, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Deleuze, Freudians), making available a non-triumphalist historical diagnosis.

     a serious attempt to reanimate or reactualize Hegel (in the light of Lacanian metapsychology and so in a form he wants to call 'materialist')

383. #383

     Žižek Responds! · Todd McGowan & Dominik Finkelde (eds.)

     Žižek Responds! > [Introduction](#contents.xhtml_ch01) > The Unemployed Theorist

     Theoretical move: This passage is a biographical and intellectual-historical introduction to Žižek's career, outlining his trajectory from Yugoslav academia through his embrace of Lacan and Hegel to global theoretical prominence; it is non-substantive in terms of direct theoretical argument.

     In the early 1980s, Žižek went to Paris to obtain a second Ph.D. in psychoanalysis. There he studied with and was analyzed by Jacques Lacan's son-in-law and chief intellectual executor Jacques-Alain Miller.

384. #384

     Universality and Identity Politics · Todd McGowan · p.194

     [THIS IS NOT IDENTITY POLITICS](#contents.xhtml_toc1_6) > **A PARTICULAR GUISE**

     Theoretical move: McGowan argues that genuine universality is not achieved through total inclusion of all particulars but is instead revealed through those who don't belong to a public institution; drawing on psychoanalysis, he shows that embracing lack—rather than overcoming it—is the condition for both subjective satisfaction and emancipatory universalist politics.

     Psychoanalysis already shows us what embracing lack looks like. For psychoanalysis, the point is understanding lack not as a burden that I must overcome in order to achieve satisfaction but recognizing that it is only through my lack that I can actually discover my satisfaction.

385. #385

     Transgender Psychoanalysis: A Lacanian Perspective on Sexual Difference · Patricia Gherovici · p.13

     **INTRODUCTION**

     Theoretical move: The passage is a non-theoretical introductory framing that situates the book within the cultural "transgender moment," arguing that psychoanalysts have a role to play in the emerging civil rights discourse around transgender identity, and announcing the book's aim to assess new concepts of embodiment and identity construction.

     psychoanalysts started questioning the classical approaches to gender and sexuality. One only hopes that such transgender visibility will help propel the transgender fight for equality.

386. #386

     Transgender Psychoanalysis: A Lacanian Perspective on Sexual Difference · Patricia Gherovici · p.31

     **DEPATHOLOGIZING TRANS**

     Theoretical move: The passage argues that transgender identity is not a mental disorder and should be depathologized; the elevated rates of psychological distress, suicide, and mental illness among trans people are causally attributed to social stigmatization and marginalization rather than to gender incongruence itself, making the reclassification of trans identity a matter of clinical and political urgency.

     the psychoanalyst, psychiatrist or psychologist who will be called to play a complex and potentially controversial role as the specialist authorizing or vetoing the transition

387. #387

     Transgender Psychoanalysis: A Lacanian Perspective on Sexual Difference · Patricia Gherovici

     **STRANGE BEDFELLOWS** > **46** Strange bedfellows

     Theoretical move: The passage traces the biologization of homosexuality and transgender identity from Ulrichs through Hirschfeld and Steinach, then pivots via Foucault to argue that psychoanalytic categories are not merely referenced but foundational to any theorization of transsexuality and sexuality.

     In the case of transsexuality, then, the interrelatedness with psychoanalysis is not just referential, it is foundational.

388. #388

     Transgender Psychoanalysis: A Lacanian Perspective on Sexual Difference · Patricia Gherovici · p.60

     **CHANGING SEX, CHANGING PSYCHOANALYSIS**

     Theoretical move: The passage historicizes the term 'paraphilia' to argue that psychoanalysis has occupied a central and paradoxical role in the pathologization and de-pathologization of transgender phenomena, with the concept of parapraxis serving as an implicit analogy for normalizing sexual "deviations" through psychoanalytic framing.

     It also shows the central and paradoxical role psychoanalysis has played in the history of transsexualism.

389. #389

     Transgender Psychoanalysis: A Lacanian Perspective on Sexual Difference · Patricia Gherovici · p.72

     **A NATURAL EXPERIMENT** > **An epistemological model: Psychoanalytic revision of "homosexuality"**

     Theoretical move: By recuperating Freud's non-essentialist, polymorphous conception of sexuality — in which the drive is object-indifferent and homosexuality is merely a variation rather than a pathology — Gherovici argues that post-Freudian psychoanalysis's hetero-normative distortion should be corrected, and that this corrected Freudian framework ought to govern how psychoanalysis approaches transsexuality.

     We know that for many years homosexuality was considered by psychoanalysts to be a pathology... The normative tendency of psychoanalysis has distorted the Freudian spirit.

390. #390

     What Is Sex? · Alenka Zupančič · p.9

     What Is Sex? > <span id="page-7-0"></span>Series Foreword

     Theoretical move: The series foreword argues that Lacanian psychoanalysis functions as a privileged instrument of "short-circuit" reading — a critical procedure that cross-wires a major text with a minor conceptual apparatus to decenter it and expose its unthought presuppositions, rather than merely reducing it to a lower cause.

     the underlying premise of the series is that Lacanian psychoanalysis is a privileged instrument of such an approach, whose purpose is to illuminate a standard text or ideological formation, making it readable in a totally new way

391. #391

     What Is Sex? · Alenka Zupančič · p.87

     Object-Disoriented Ontology > <span id="page-81-0"></span>Realism in Psychoanalysis

     Theoretical move: Zupančič argues that the Lacanian Real offers a more rigorous response to the problem of realism than Meillassoux's speculative realism, because the "great Outside" fantasy conceals a Real already immanent to discourse; simultaneously, Lacan's theory of modern science—wherein science *produces* its object through mathematization—provides the proper ontological ground for psychoanalysis's own realism, distinguishing it from both naïve and correlationist positions.

     psychoanalysis is possible only after the same break that inaugurates modern science… the subject of the unconscious is the subject of modern science.

392. #392

     What Is Sex? · Alenka Zupančič · p.132

     Object-Disoriented Ontology > Death Drive II: Lacan and Deleuze

     Theoretical move: Against realist materialisms (including object-oriented ontology) that dissolve the subject into one object among many, Zupančič argues that the Lacanian subject is the objective embodiment of reality's own internal contradiction/antagonism—and that this is precisely what makes psychoanalysis a genuinely materialist theory: materialism is thinking that advances as thinking of contradictions.

     this is what makes psychoanalysis a materialist theory (and practice): it starts by thinking a problem/difficulty/contradiction, not by trying to think the world such as it is independently of the subject.

393. #393

     Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? · Mark Fisher

     Capitalism and the Real

     Theoretical move: Fisher deploys the Lacanian Real/reality distinction to argue that capitalist realism functions as a naturalized ideology that suppresses the Real contradictions of capitalism (ecological destruction, mental illness, bureaucracy), and that effective political challenge must expose these inconsistencies rather than mount a moral critique.

     it is perhaps worth introducing an elementary theoretical distinction from Lacanian psychoanalysis which Žižek has done so much to give contemporary currency: the difference between the Real and reality.